綠建築自然通風效應對火場安全之影響

The Fire Safety by the Natural Ventilation Effect in Green Buildings

蘇崇輝(Chung-Hwei Su) ； 林俊洲(Chun-Chou Lin)

《燃燒季刊》 73期 (2011/05) Pp. 18-28

https://doi.org/10.30041/CQ.201105.0003

摘要

綠建築的發展為目前台灣地區重要的方向。通風換氣為綠建築指標重要的評估項目，包含「日常節能」與「室內健康與環境」兩項指標。以「省能」觀點而言，良好的自然通風效應可改善建築物內部高溫、高濕環境。以「消防安全」觀點，不當的通風效應將不利於消防安全設備的運作，如「各類場所消防安全設備設置標準」第18、49、116條相關規定，並導致濃煙擴散。本研究評估綠建築自然通風效應對火場的影響，以FDS分析軟體模擬某一會議廳的火場特性。研究發現，建築物的濃煙隨自然風道擴散效應明顯。經增加一些適當的措施，可以提高人員最高達60.5%的避難時間。本文除支持綠建築的節能理念外，於綠建築設計規劃階段，若能將消防安全因素加入考量，可建構兼顧省能與安全的永續綠建築。

關鍵字

綠建築 ； 自然通風效應 ； FDS Fire Dynamics Simulator ； 消防安全

並列摘要

Currently, the development of green buildings is a crucial direction in Taiwan. The ventilation effect included in ”Energy Saving” and ”Healthy indoor environment” is an important indicator in the assessment system of green buildings. The appropriate natural ventilation will modify the high temperature and humid environment in rooms from energy saving point. Improper ventilation effect will delay the operation of fire safety equipments, such as the Code No.18, 49 and 116 in ”Standard for Installation of Fire Safety Equipments Based on Use and Occupancy”, and cause smoke spread in buildings. This paper assessed the impact in fire by natural ventilation of green buildings. The fire properties in a conference room were studied by FDS program simulation. The result displayed that smoke was accompanied by the natural air flow and diffused. By improvement of some appropriate measures, people evacuation time was raised the maximum 60.5%. If fire safety was considered, we will establish the both of energy saving and safe green buildings.

並列關鍵字

Green building ； natural ventilation effect ； FDS ； fire safety