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鋰電池熱爆炸之動力學機制建立

Kinetic Mechanisms Establish of Lithium Ion Cell on Thermal Explosion

摘要


鋰離子電池(Lithium-ion Battery)因比能量最高而廣泛使用於儲能系統,然因電化學反應易導致高放熱量,造成電池內產生高壓氣體,若安全設計不足或因大功率輸出而造成暴露於高溫的使用環境,在無法有效移除熱量下則可能造成爆炸或因電解液洩漏而燃燒,如此造成各種裡電池動力系統具有潛在熱爆炸危害。本文乃利用熱動力學理論公式來探討鋰離子電池芯於熱卡計實驗之熱爆炸反應時的反應參數,探討鋰離子電池暴露於高溫之操作環境下且超過其內部材料之穩定溫度時而產生自放熱的行為及熱累積效應導致電池發生熱爆炸的現象,從實驗獲取熱動力學參數,並推估熱失控的關鍵反應熱力學數據包括:放熱起始溫度(T0)、昇溫速率(dT/dt)、昇壓速率(dP/dt)、反應熱與絕熱溫昇(ΔT)與反應坐大溫度及壓力數據等建立反應模式,期助於應用鋰離子電池產品的安全設計及管理。

並列摘要


Lithium-ion batteries are broadly applied for the electrical equipments. They expose at the high temperature environment as using could cause thermal reuse for Li-ion battery. Therefore, the overheat for Li-ion battery pack could result in fire, explosion or cell burst. The potential thermal hazard for battery runaway reaction should be taken attention. The purpose of this study was to classify the self-heat reaction of thermal runaway at adiabatic conditions for Li-ion batteries by using calorimetry methodology. The experiments evaluated the thermal hazard characteristics of the Lithium-ion batteries, such as onset temperature (T0), self-heating rate (dT/dt), pressure rise rate (dP/dt), adiabatic temperature rise (ΔTad), maximum temperature (Tmax) and pressure (Pmax). This study identified the hazards of Li-ion batteries that high state of charge level had thermal explosion risk. The calorimeters could be applied in eneygy storage system for safe design and management.

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