車輛火災煙流分析

Analysis of Smoke Propagation in Vehicle Fires

李昱民(Shih-Chieh Lo) ； 張金龍(Wei-Tai Huang) ； 梁智創(Ting-Lung Chiang)

《燃燒季刊》 84期 (2014/02) Pp. 24-36

https://doi.org/10.30041/CQ.201402_(84).0004

摘要

現今在新聞中常常可以看到許多汽車火災相關的消息，在眾多原因中最常見的就是電氣走火或人為因素。本論文利用FDS煙流計算軟體對汽車進行火災模擬及煙流分析。本文分別針對引擎室起火、後座椅子起火、儀錶起火以及後置物箱起火等四種火災實際狀況進行模擬並作較深入的分析，探討的參數包含：火源的位置與熱釋放率。模擬結果發現起火點位置是影響煙流分佈的主要因素。如果引擎室起火，其火勢蔓延較慢。反觀，當車廂內起火，溫度會快速攀升。若置物箱起火燃燒，火勢在尚未蔓延到車廂內就會慢慢減弱熄滅。

關鍵字

汽車 ； 火災 ； 煙流 ； 計算流體力學方法

並列摘要

News related to car fires are frequently encountered nowadays. Among the various causes of fire, electrical breakdown and human factors are some of the most common ones. Current work simulates car fires using FDS and then analyzes its corresponding smoke flow patterns. The fires are assumed to start in the engine room, the back seat chair, the dashboard, or the rear compartment. A more in-depth discussion has been presented to explore the main parameters, such as the location that catches fire and its heat release rate. Simulation results show that where the fire starts grealy influences the distribution of the plume and smoke propagation. If fires start in the engine room, the fire would spread relatively slowly. In contrast, when fires start in the car cabin, the temperature will rise quickly. If fires start in the rear compartment, the fires will gradually extinguish before they spread into the cabin.

並列關鍵字

car ； fire ； smoke flow ； FDS ； computational fluid dynamics