酒精混和汽油對機車尾氣排放空氣汙染物及觸媒轉化效率之影響

The Effects of Ethanol- gasoline Blends on Motorcycle Exhaust and Catalyst Converter Efficiency

楊映茹(Ying-Ru Yang) ； 蔡俊鴻(Jiun-Horng Tsai) ； 姚永真(Yung-Chen Yao) ； 張子敬(Zi-Jing Zhang)

《燃燒季刊》 94期 (2016/08) Pp. 13-25

https://doi.org/10.30041/CQ.201608_(94).0002

摘要

本研究以1部四行程噴射引擎機車為對象，以不同酒精含量(3及15 vol%)之酒精混合汽油於怠速條件下進行無觸媒排氣管及新觸媒排氣管之空氣污染物排放濃度量測，藉以探討酒精混和汽油對機車觸媒轉化效率之影響。量測之空氣污染物包括法定污染物(CO、THC、NO)以及有機性空氣污染物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、甲醛及乙醛)。結果顯示，與市售油(95無鉛汽油)相較，使用酒精混和汽油於測試機車尾氣排放法定污染物有較低濃度，且排放濃度隨酒精添加比例增加而降低。新觸媒搭配E15酒精汽油所致排放濃度最低，與無觸媒搭配E15酒精汽油之廢氣排放濃度相較，觸媒轉化效率為93% (CO)、73% (THC)及48% (NO)；與使用市售油之觸媒轉化效率相較，E15可再提高轉化率4-6%。有機性空氣污染物排放量測結果顯示，測試機車搭配新觸媒所致有機性空氣污染物排氣濃度皆較無觸媒排氣管為低，機車加裝觸媒轉化器對有機性空氣污染物排放具有控制效果。使用酒精汽油則對有機性空氣污染物排放濃度具有不同影響，燃油由市售95無鉛汽油改變為酒精汽油可能大幅增加乙醛排放濃度。於觸媒轉化率之評估結果顯示，使用市售油(G95)在苯及乙醛有較佳之轉化率，使用E15酒精汽油則對甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、甲醛有較高轉化率，轉化率分別為88%、83%、83%及57%。

關鍵字

四行程噴射引擎機車 ； 酒精汽油 ； 市售無鉛汽油 ； 空氣污染物

並列摘要

A four-stroke motorcycle with fuel-injection engine were selected as target to investigate the catalyst converter efficiency of criteria air pollutants (CO, THC, and NO) and organic air toxics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde) in this study. Two types of tailpipe were installed in the test motorcycles, respectively, including new catalyst and no-catalyst. Total three test fuels, i.e., two ethanol-gasoline blends which contain 3% (E3) and 15 % (v/v) (E15) ethanol in gasoline and a commercial gasoline (G95), were used. The motorcycles were tested on an idling mode and analyzed by exhaust analyzer. The result shows that the CO, THC, and NO concentrations are lower than those of commercial fuel while using E15 as fuel in both ethanol blends and commercial gasoline. The lowest concentration of criteria air pollutants was observed in the motorcycle with new catalyst tailpipe and fueling by E15. The control efficiency is achieved by 93% (CO), 73% (THC) and 48% (NO) as compared to those of no-catalysts tailpipe and using E15 as fuel. The result also indicated that concentrations of selected organic air toxics of test motorcycle are lower than those of no-catalyst while installed with new catalyst tailpipe. The effects of ethanol gasoline blends on selected organic air toxics are different. Using E15 may decrease concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and formaldehyde, but increasing acetaldehyde dramatically. The high control efficiency for toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and formaldehyde is observed in using E15 as fuel, the control efficiency is 88%, 83%, 83%, and 57%, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Four-stroke fuel-injected motorcycle ； ethanol-gasoline blends ； commercial unleaded gasoline ； air pollutants