隧道火災中水霧與排煙系統影響之研究

The interaction of water spray and ventilation in tunnel fire

鐘偉庭(Wei-Ting Chung) ； 曾子彥(Tzu-Yan Tseng) ； 蔡匡忠(Kuang-Chung Tsai)

《燃燒季刊》 101期 (2018/05) Pp. 4-10

https://doi.org/10.30041/CQ.201805_(101).0002

摘要

長隧道因其地下化、密閉性之特殊空間發生火災時火災溫度易急遽升高以及搶救不易。本研究進行全尺寸隧道火災實驗，在長88 m寬10 m高8 m隧道內，以1 m^2、4 m^2、9 m^2庚烷油盤對應火災規模為2.5 MW、10 MW、25.7 MW作為實驗火源，並設計兩種通風風速1.5 m/s、2.5 m/s，以及水霧系統進行實驗，探討在不同通風條件下水霧系統對於隧道火災之效應。實驗發現通風及水霧系統皆開啟之狀態能有抑制火災初期成長以及冷卻火場溫度與熱通量，保護隧道結構以及營造出利於逃生者之避難環境及爭取搶救時間。

關鍵字

全尺度隧道火災實驗 ； 水霧系統 ； 通風系統

並列摘要

An experimental study of tunnel fire with both longitudinal ventilation and water spray systems were conducted in Taiwan. The tunnel was 88 m long, 10 m wide and 8 m high. The fire used was heptane, and poured in 1, 4 and 9 m^2 fuel pans. The ventilation system can produce cross-sectional air flow with velocity of 1.5 m/s or 2.5 m/s. The water spray system can produce distributed water with volume per minute and unit area of 6 L/min*m^2. Four fire scenarios were applied, free burning, with water spray system, with ventilation system, and with both ventilation and water spray system. The data show that the ventilation system can strongly decreased the temperature and heat flux near fires, and can make a safe environment for evacuators and fighters. The water spray system even enhanced the performance of ventilation system. Additionally, the ventilation can reduce the temperature of tunnel structure, although the ceiling temperature downstream of the fires was still high. The water spray system can help decreased the downstream temperature of tunnel structure. Furthermore, the ventilation system can prevent the flame spread through vehicles.

並列關鍵字

Road Tunnel ； Tunnel Ventilation ； Water spray system