- 期刊
卡里斯瑪權威、集體興奮與民粹主義：以德國發動第二次世界大戰為例
Charismatic Authority, Collective Effervescence, and Populism: Germany Started the World War Two
摘要
本研究旨在勾勒民粹主義的基本樣貌，企圖從中了解這個意識形態如何形成與如何運作。在此研究進路下，筆者將以德國發動第二次世界大戰為例，藉由韋伯的卡理斯瑪權威與涂爾幹的集體興奮之理論觀點探究民粹主義的起源。首先，回顧先前民粹主義的相關研究，給予一個概念定義；其次，分析韋伯的支配論述，說明卡理斯瑪權威所展現的正當性與民粹主義有著相似本質；再來，分析涂爾幹的宗教論述，說明德國人民在集體興奮的情況下已將戰爭視為一件不可避免的事情；最後，銜接卡理斯瑪權威、集體興奮及民粹主義解釋德國發動第二次大戰的動態過程。筆者發現卡理斯瑪權威與集體興奮將會塑造一個有利於民粹主義的條件環境，這股強加作用會對德國人民的意識與行為產生重大影響。本研究價值在於使用社會學廣泛探討的支配與宗教之觀點切入，藉以觀察民粹主義作為德國發動第二次世界大戰的內在成因。
並列摘要
The prior research's understanding of the populism remains superficial. It lacks deep explanations in theories regarding the social psychological foundation. This study aims to sketch out the basic image of populism to comprehend how it rises and operates. We argue that Weber's ＂charismatic authority＂ and Durkheim's ＂collective effervescence＂ as theoretical concepts could provide a better understanding on populism, which can be observed through the case that Germany started the World War Two. First, we review recent studies of the populism and give it a conceptual definition. Second, we adopted the Weber's domination to illustrate that why charismatic authority and populism has similar nature. Third, we adopt the Durkheim’s collective effervescence to illustrate that how Germany people are influenced by collective effervescence. Finally, we combine populism, charismatic authority, and collective effervescence to clarify the dynamic process that Germany started the World War Two.