高效率小型垂直軸風力發電機組開發與控制

Development and Control of a High Efficiency Small Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine

蕭永嘉(Yung-Chia Hsiao) ； 徐力行(Lih-Shyng Shyu) ； 李靖海(Ching-Hai Lee) ； 石大明(Ta-Ming Shih)

《建國科大理工期刊》 32卷1期 (2012/10) Pp. 17-30

https://doi.org/10.6995/JSECTU.201210.0017

摘要

對於小型垂直軸風力機而言，效率的提升可增加對小型水平軸風力機的競爭力。風力發電系統效率取決於葉片的功率係數、發電機效率、控制電路的耗損及最佳化控制法則。理想的風車具有高升力係數的翼型及輕量化以提升風力機的輸出功率。其次，雙繞組式發電機可在大部分的轉速下維持高效率。為提升風力發電機組的發電效率，本研究採用翼型為NACA 3418與NACA 0018的直線翼垂直軸風車，直接連結其1kW及3kW兩獨立繞組的永磁同步發電機以組成4kW風力發電機組。同時選用背對背轉換器控制發電機的運作，以最大功率點追蹤為最佳化控制法則，調控風車的功率係數維持在最大值。經由風場測試後發現此風力發電系統其發電效率平均達0.316。顯示4kW垂直軸風力發電系統擁有趨近小型水平軸風車的發電效率。

關鍵字

風力發電 ； 直線翼垂直軸風力機 ； 永磁同步發電機 ； 背對背轉換器 ； 最大功率點追蹤

並列摘要

Increase the power efficiency of a small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) that can promote its competitiveness by comparison to a small horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). The power efficiency of the wind turbines depends on the power coefficient of the windmill, the efficiency of the generator, the loss of the control circuits, and the algorithm of the optimal control. A good windmill constructed by composite material has an airfoil with a high lift coefficient to increase the power of the wind turbine. Besides, a generator having two windings keeps high efficiency at a lot of rotational speeds. To maximize the electricity output of the wind turbine system, this study used a straight wing vertical-axis windmill having the airfoils NACA3418 and NACA0018 and directly coupled a permanent-magnet synchronous generator having 1kW winding and 3kW winding with the windmill as a 4 kW wind turbine system. Meanwhile, a back to back converter controls the operation of the generator. A maximum power point tracking adapts the windmill so that it gives its best performance. The average efficiency of the wind turbine system is 0.316 through field tests. The results demonstrate that the 4kW small VAWT system is not inferior to the small HAWT.

並列關鍵字

wind power ； straight wing VAWT ； permanent-magnet synchronous generator ； back-to-back converter ； MPPT