李給替第二號絃樂四重奏之樂曲分析與音色初探

An Analysis and Preliminary Discussion of Timbre in György Ligeti's String Quartet No. 2

梅宇軒(MEI, Yu-Shiuan)

《關渡音樂學刊》 35期 (2022/02) Pp. 133-160

摘要

李給替（György Ligeti, 1923－2006）為二十世紀著名的匈牙利作曲家，其作品以獨特的網狀音樂織度與機械性著稱。李給替的第二號絃樂四重奏完成於1968年，受LaSalle Quartet委託創作，共五個樂章。李給替的一生共有兩部絃樂四重奏作品，第一號絃樂四重奏完成於1954年，受到巴爾托克（Béla Bartók, 1881－1945）很大的影響；而第二號絃樂四重奏更具個人特色。第二號絃樂四重奏中除音高與節奏的設計巧思外，也可從作品中看到李給替將自己許多在其他大型作品中的音樂想法在室內樂編制中的嘗試，此外，也是李給替獨創之「微分複音」技巧首次絃樂四重奏編制作品中的運用。李給替的第二號絃樂四重奏每個樂章都有不同的音樂內容，有漸變的音型、機械性的使用、動態與靜態對比等等，「音色」在這部作品中被精心設計，每個樂章都有各自的音色特徵。本文將以李給替之第二號絃樂四重奏，針對其創作手法以及對於音色的使用作為分析重點進行探索。

關鍵字

李給替 ； 絃樂四重奏 ； 微分複音 ； 網狀結構 ； 音團

並列摘要

This article employs Ligeti's String Quartet No. 2 to explore its creative techniques and the use of timbre as the analytical focus. György Ligeti (1923-2006), born in Hungary, was a famous 20th century composer. His works are well-known for their web-like musical texture and use of mechanical sound effects. Ligeti's String Quartet No. 2 in five movements was completed in 1968 and commissioned by LaSalle Quartet. Ligeti completed two string quartets during his lifetime. His first string quartet was completed in 1954 and was greatly influenced by Béla Bartók (1881-1945); however, in the second string quartet Ligeti brings out more of his musical ideas. To elaborate, Ligeti utilized his unique strategies with ingenious design of the pitch and rhythm, and he also combined his ideas regarding large ensemble or orchestral works into his compilation of chamber music. Each movement of Ligeti's String Quartet No. 2 has a different musical content, with graduated tone patterns and contrasts between dynamics and tension among other elements. ＂Timbres＂ are carefully designed in this work, and each movement has its individual tonal characteristics.

並列關鍵字

Ligeti ； String Quartet ； Micropolyphony ； Sound Mass ； Web-like Texture

參考文獻

左延芳、徐昌俊，〈里蓋蒂《第二絃樂四重奏》中的音響特徵初探〉，《黃鐘 - 中國 . 武漢音樂學院學報》2：42-53，2010。

林佳穎，〈李蓋悌《第二號絃樂四重奏》暨自我創作分析與研究〉，碩士論文，臺北市立大學，2015。

Cote, Sergio. Accumulating Ligeti’s Techniques:An analysis of György Ligeti’s Second String Quartet as a repertoire of his compositional techniques in 1968. Minor Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Music. Royal Northern College of Music, 2015.

Power, Richard Scott. An analysis of transformation procedures in Gyorgy Ligeti's String Quartet No. 2. D.M.A., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ann Arbor, USA, 1995.

Spies, Bertha. Signification in atonal, amotivic music? Extending the properties of actoriality in Ligeti’s second string quartet. De Gruyter Mouton, 2014 (202), 321-343