淺談古巴旅遊觀光的改革

Cuba's reform under the communist

許方慈(Fang-Tzu Hsu)

《休閒觀光與運動健康學報》 7卷2期 (2017/06) Pp. 45-56

摘要

古巴近年於國際媒體間頻繁曝光，關於古巴的歷史及相關名詞人們大多耳熟能詳，古巴大革命、古巴飛彈危機、卡斯楚領導下之共產社會、配給制度、美古關係，但由於古巴因革命獨立後與美國日漸交惡，雖曾與蘇聯友好得到經濟援助，但隨蘇聯解體，古巴頓時失去經濟及國際間的依靠，與美國的關係也使古巴遭受貿易禁運及經濟制裁，只好關起門戶自給自足，因此古巴總是給人封閉的印象。然而就在這十年間，古巴開始出現改變，前總統老卡斯楚因健康因素將政權交接給其弟勞爾，勞爾上任後，施行的卻是比其兄更加務實的共產制度，他的許多作為都使古巴漸漸地與外面的世界連結，鬆綁了古巴的旅遊限制，發展外國人觀光旅遊，從2011年的250萬人次到了2015年已經達到380萬人次，為經濟帶來顯著成長。同時也允許民眾經營一些小型企業、允許民眾上網、也，使得古巴一直以來的神秘面紗漸漸被揭開。

關鍵字

古巴 ； 卡斯楚 ； 共產主義 ； 改革開放

並列摘要

In recently years, Cuba appears frequently on those international mass media, perhaps people already known or heard about those historical events and related names of this Caribbean islands, such as the Cuban Revolution、Cuban Missile Crisis、the communism、Rationing、Cuba-United States relations. After the Cuba Revolution and the independence, the relations between Cuba and the United States are turning worse, although Cuba had amicable relations with the Soviet Union and got the financial aid, but with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Cuba suddenly lost economic and international dependence. In the meantime, the relations between Cuba and the United States led Cuba to sink into the trade embargo and economic sanctions, Cuba had to shut the door and relay on itself to self-sufficiency, that's the reason why Cuba always gives public the closed impression. However, within a decade, Cuba began to change, former president Fidel Castro handed over the regime to his brother (Raúl Castro), since then, Raúl practiced the communism with the system more pragmatic than his brother Fidel, many of his actions have made Cuba gradually connected with the outside world, such as allow people to operate more small businesses、allow people to surf the internet、proceeded the peace negotiations with the rebel forces of Colombia、restored the exchange with Vatican、strived for the support from those United States' allies in Latin America、loosed the tourist restrictions of Cuba, Cuba is increasingly exposed to the world than ever. The U.S former president Barack Obama announced that the United States restored the diplomatic relations with Cuba in 2015, furthermore, he took a historic step visiting Cuba, Fidel Castro died in 2016, followed by the new U.S president Donald John Trump took office in January 2017, these above events are the important milestones for Cuba, Fidel Castro's ideal the socialist government was gradually changed by Cuba's willingness to reform and the trend of the world economy, this article will talk about how Cuba is changing, and the process from the closed society to gradually open to the world.

並列關鍵字

Cuba ； Fidel Castro ； communism ； Cuba's revolution