踏板踩踏高度對蹲踞式起跑髖膝踝關節位移之影響

The Effect on Crouch Start Hip Knee and Ankle Joint Displacement of Tread Height

游立椿(Li-Chun Yu) ； 林文瑜(Wen-Yu Lin) ； 許高魁(Gao-Kwue Hsu)

《休閒觀光與運動健康學報》 7卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 40-49

摘要

目的：本研究主要目的為瞭解三種踏板踩踏高度對蹲踞式起跑髖膝踝關節位移之影響。方法：以高速攝影機（120Hz）拍攝6位高中短距離選手（年齡17±0.69歲，身高1.75±0.05公尺，體重64.83±5.24公斤，參與訓練年齡7±0.53年，一百公尺最佳成績11.36±0.45秒），其鳴槍出發至第一步著地的影像，並使用Kwon3D影像動作軟體進行分析，所得運動學參數以無母數統計弗里曼二因子等級變異數分析檢定三種踏板踩踏高度對選手蹲踞式起跑技術上的差異，其三種踏板踩踏高度模式分別為1.腳尖貼齊踏板下緣（H0）、2.腳尖離踏板下緣5公分高（H5）、3.腳尖離踏板下緣10公分高（H10），如有達顯著水準，則進行事後比較，顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果：三種踏板踩踏高度鳴笛至前腳蹬離踏板後腳髖、膝、踝關節水平位移與合位移均無顯著上差異，H10模式比H5與H0較長。在三種踏板踩踏高度鳴笛至第一步著地後腳髖、膝、踝關節水平位移與合位移均無顯著上差異，H0模式髖關節位移距離比H5與H10較長。結論：選手使用踏板高度H10模式可以增長鳴笛至前腳蹬離踏板髖膝踝關節位移距離，建議選手可調整出最適合自己的起跑架踏板距離，加強前、後腳推蹬踏板能力，讓起跑動作得以完全發揮，提升起跑速度。

關鍵字

田徑 ； 起跑架 ； 起跑 ； 運動生物力學

並列摘要

Purpose: This main purpose of this study is to detecting the effects of three kinds blocks tread height on crouch start hip knee and ankle displacement. Methods: A high -speed camera (120Hz) is used to shoot six high school sprinters' starting movements from starting shot to first sprint step drive. The mean ages of them are 17±0.69 years, height 1.75±0.05 meters, weight 64.83±5.24kg, training ages 7±0.53 years and their 100 meter PB (personal best record) were 11.36±0.45 seconds respectively. And motions were analyzed by Kwon 3D software. Three kinds height pattern of blocks are H0, H5 and H10. The variables by the Friedman two-way analysis of variance nonparametric statistical test and the post-hoc comparison, the significant levels was as α = .05. Results: Three blocks tread the height of the gun to the front foot take off, there was no significant difference in the horizontal displacement and the displacement of the rear foot hip knee and ankle joint, and the H10 pattern was longer than H5 and H0. In the three blocks tread the height of the gun to the first step, There was no significant difference in the horizontal displacement and the displacement of the rear foot hip knee and ankle joint, and the hip displacement distance of H0 pattern was longer than that of H5 and H10. Conclusion: Sprinters can use H10 to increase distance from whistle to front foot hip knee and ankle joint, and the hip displacement. It is suggested that sprinters to using the suitable distance blocks to themselves, increased hip knee and ankle displacement distance. Strengthen the ability of front and rare feet to pushing off, let starting actions fully play. Improve the velocity of starting.

並列關鍵字

Track & field ； Starting block ； Sprint start ； Sports biomechanics