麥都思《福建方言字典》中的音系及其詞彙收錄的現象

從16世紀到19世紀期間西方傳教士曾編纂了一些閩南話辭書，這些辭書大部分都是以廈門音系作為辭典編纂的主體音系，英國傳教士Walter Henry Medhurst（麥都思）（1796－1857）在1837所編纂的A Dictionary of the Hok-Këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language（《福建方言字典》）（底下簡稱《福建》）是以漳州腔編纂的閩南話辭書。《福建》總共約918頁，前言介紹約60頁，本文758頁，漢字筆劃索引約100頁，共收漢字約11737字（領頭字）。透過《福建》可以了解到一百多年前閩南話的拼音系統、語音和詞彙現象。筆者先將《福建》一書做成資料庫，然後再編製〈同音字表〉，整理出《福建》一書的音系，並通過和其他相關辭書的音系的比較，討論《福建》音系的相關問題：1.反映漳州話音讀重要的韻類和個別字音。2.《福建》的主體音系是否為漳浦話？其次是討論《福建》詞彙收錄的現象：1.《福建》收錄詞彙的音讀和詞形和現代漳州話的異同。2.親屬稱謂的特殊前綴。3.漳州話的次方言特色詞。4.反映閩南文化的特殊語詞。5.《福建》收錄詞彙有羼入泉州腔、潮汕腔、客家話等不同方言成分以及少數的馬來話成分。本文有三個附錄：附錄一〈《福建方言字典》音節檢索表〉舉隅、附錄二〈福建方言字典同音字表〉舉隅、附錄三〈閩南音系重要例字音讀對照表〉。

關鍵字

福建方言字典；閩南話辭書；漳州方言；閩南語

並列摘要

From the 16th to the 19th century, Western missionaries compiled some Minnan (Southern Min) dialect dictionaries. Most of these dictionaries were based on Xiamen phonology. A Dictionary of the Hok-Këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language (＂Fujian Dialect Dictionary＂) (hereinafter referred to as ＂Fujian＂), compiled by British missionary Walter Henry Medhurst (1796-1857) in 1837, is one of the few Hok-Keen dialect dictionaries compiled in the Zhangzhou dialect. ＂Fujian＂ has a total of 918 pages, including about 60 pages of introduction, 758 pages of text, an approximately 100-page index of Chinese character strokes, and includes a total of 11,737 Chinese characters (morphemes). Through ＂Fujian＂, we can understand the Pinyin system, phonetics and vocabulary phenomena of the Minnan dialect of almost two hundred years ago. The author first made the book ＂Fujian＂ into a database, and then compiled a ＂List of Homophones＂ to sort out a phonology for the book ＂Fujian＂. The author then discussed this phonology of ＂Fujian＂ by comparing it with the phonology of other related dictionaries. First of all, 1. This book reflects the important rhymes and individual phonetic sounds of the Zhangzhou dialect, and 2. The author discusses whether the main phonetic system of ＂Fujian＂ is Zhangpu. Secondly, the author discusses vocabulary in ＂Fujian＂, which is divided into five parts: 1. Similarities and differences between the pronunciation and form of words in ＂Fujian＂ and those in the modern Zhangzhou dialect, 2. Special prefixes for the appellation of relatives, 3. Sub-dialect characteristic words of the Zhangzhou dialect, 4. Special words that reflect Minnan culture, 5. ＂Fujian＂ includes elements of other dialects, such as the Quanzhou dialect, the Chaoshan dialect, the Hakka dialect, and a few Malay dialects. This study has three appendices: Appendix I: Syllable Retrieval Table of the ＂Fujian Dialect Dictionary＂, Appendix II: ＂Fujian Dialect Dictionary＂ List of Homophones, and Appendix III: List of Important Examples of the Pronunciation of Minnan Phonetics.

並列關鍵字

Fujian dialect dictionary ； Hokkien dictionaries ； Zhangzhou dialect ； Hokkien

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