本篇回顧文章介紹正向心理學中的心理資本(psychological capital)運用在運動領域之現況。心理資本包含自我效能(efficacy)、希望感(hope)、樂觀(optimism) 與復原力(resilience)四個構念。優秀運動員通常會具有較高的自我效能(自信心)與希望感,擁有正向情緒與保持樂觀,遇到挫折時能夠很快恢復。在過去運動心理學的研究中,發現這些構念都分別對運動員的表現有正向的影響,但目前仍然缺乏整合的運動心理資本的實證研究。根據過去這四個構念的相關研究,本文的目的是提供教練、選手與運動心理學研究者一些實際應用以及未來研究的相關建議。
This review paper introduces the application of psychological capital in positive psychology for sport field now. Psychological capital contained four constructs including efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Outstanding athletes usually have higher level of self-efficacy (confidence) and hope, with more positive emotion and remain optimistic, and recover soon from adversity. Past studies in sport psychology indicated that these four constructs respectively have positive effects on athlete performance, but we still lack the researches of sport psychological capital at present. Based on previous studies of four constructs, the purpose of this article was to provide examples, practical applications, and future research suggestions for coaches, athletes and sport psychologists.