活化後增益作用與肌力對划船運動表現的影響

The Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation and Muscle Strength on 2,000 m Rowing Performance

林展緯(Jan-Wei Lin)

《運動研究》 30卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 113-124

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR.202106_30(1).0007

摘要

緒論：探討活化後增益（post-activation potentiation, PAP）對於2,000公尺划船總時間、平均每500公尺時間及槳頻有何影響，並瞭解深蹲及俯臥拉舉最大肌力對划船運動表現的相關性。方法：招募10位大專甲組划船選手參與實驗，實驗以平衡次序法比較所有選手完成三種熱身狀況後，2,000公尺划船測功儀測驗的差別。熱身方式分別為未熱身、模擬比賽熱身以及模擬比賽熱身加上PAP。模擬比賽熱身包含慢跑及動、靜態伸展，PAP使用70%的1RM進行五次三組的俯臥拉舉及深蹲運動。在正式實驗開始前，選手進行深蹲及俯臥拉舉最大肌力測驗，以一次完整動作的最大重量作為分析參數。最大肌力測試一週後，在室內划船測功儀上進行2,000公尺測驗，取2,000公尺總時間、平均每500公尺時間以及槳頻作為分析使用。以單因子重複測量比較不同熱身狀況之間，2,000公尺總時間、平均每500公尺時間以及槳頻的差異。以皮爾森相關係數瞭解最大肌力與運動表現的相關性。結果：並未發現2,000公尺總時間在不同熱身狀況之間達到顯著差異（p=.063），而模擬比賽熱身加上PAP的平均每500公尺時間顯著低於未熱身（p=.007）及模擬比賽熱身（p=.042），槳頻則未發現三種熱身之間有顯著差異。最大肌力與所有運動表現相關參數皆未達顯著相關。結論：PAP可以減少2,000公尺划船的平均每500公尺時間，顯示出PAP對於速度表現的效益，教練及選手可以用來提升訓練時的臨界速度或是增進比賽的表現。最大肌力用於評估選手的運動表現或能力時必須謹慎參考。

關鍵字

槳頻 ； 速度 ； 熱身

並列摘要

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of post-activation potentiation (PAP) on the following aspects of rowing performance: 2,000-m rowing time, 500-m average time, and stroke rate. The relationship between rowing performance and the maximum strength in the squat and bench pull was also analyzed. Method: Ten experienced rowing athletes were recruited in this study. The athletes underwent three warm-up protocols: (1) no warm up, (2) general warm up, and (3) general warm up followed by PAP in separate sessions at 1-week intervals. One week before the 2,000-m row, the participants performed a 1 repetition maximum (RM) strength test involving the squat and bench pull. After the 1 RM test, the participants used a different warm-up protocol and performed a 2,000-m row on a rowing ergometer; the 2,000-m rowing time, 500-m average time, and stroke rate were recorded. Repeated-measurement one-way analysis of variance was used to measure the difference in 2,000-m rowing time, 500-m average time, and stroke rate between groups. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to understand the relationship between the maximum strength and rowing performance in the groups. Results: No significant effect was found in 2,000-m rowing time among different warm-up protocols (p = .063). The 500- m average time was significantly shorter in the PAP group than in the general warm up (p = .042) and no warm up (p = .007) groups. No significant correlation was found between squat and bench pull performance and 2,000-m rowing time, 500-m average time, or stroke rate. Conclusion: PAP was demonstrated to benefit rowing performance in this study. Coaches and athletes can apply this concept in regular training or competition to achieve higher performance by increasing critical speed or sprint performance. An athlete's performance should perhaps not be evaluated through their strength condition because of the lack of correlation between the maximum strength and rowing performance.

並列關鍵字

stroke rate ； speed ； warm up

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