動作與健身運動意象對老年人身體活動之效應

The Effects of Motor and Exercise Imagery on Physical Activity in Older Adults

林啓超(Chi-Chau Lin) ； 林啓賢(Chi-Hsian Lin) ； 謝智玲(Chih-Ling Hsieh)

《運動研究》 30卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 27-47

https://doi.org/10.6167/JSR.202106_30(1).0002

摘要

意象使用對於運動員及一般大眾的效益，已於過去研究中確立。但有關動作與健身運動意象使用對於老年人的實際效益，卻相對受到忽視。本文之目的，在回顧動作意象能力與健身運動意象使用的評估方法與效益，並聚焦於近年來研究中所呈現動作與健身運動意象使用對老年人的效應。從回顧中得知，我們可藉由不同評估方式獲知動作意象能力，而其可能隨著歲月的增長呈現某部分的退化；另外，健身運動意象的使用與介入實施在老年人的可能效益，在近年的一些研究成果中，亦已展現其對改進動作技能、自我效能及健身運動行為的潛在效應。最後本文提出整合此兩種意象於老年人未來研究與介入的途徑，並以健走為實例，舉出如何以整合的動作與健身運動意象使用方法，達成鼓勵老年人從事身體活動以促進健康的目的。

關鍵字

心智練習 ； 移動性 ； 老化

並列摘要

The benefits of imagery use for athletes and general people have been established in past studies. However, the actual benefits of the application of motor and exercise imagery for elders are relatively neglected. The purpose of this study is to review the evaluation methods and benefits of the application of motor imagery ability and exercise imagery, and then to focus on the effects on elders in recent years. From the review, we have documented that imagery ability can be evaluated by several methods and have shown a deterioration of imagery ability across the life span. Furthermore, there have been several investigations that have determined the use and potential effect of imagery interventions for older adults to improve skills, self-efficacy, and exercise behavior. In the end, it puts forward the ways to integrate these two approaches into future researches and intervention of elders. This study will take walking as example, pointing out how to use the integrated motor and exercise imagery to encourage elders to do physical activities to promote health.

並列關鍵字

mental practice ； mobility ； aging

參考文獻

宋敦仁、黃崇儒 (2009)。意象訓練在復健運動上的運用。中華體育季刊，23(4)，96-106．doi:10.6223/qcpe.2304.200912.2012[Sung, D.-R., & Huang, C.-J. (2009). The applying of imagery training in rehabilitation. Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, 23(4), 96-106. doi:10.6223/qcpe.2304.200912.2012]

張清源、王俊明 (2009)。健身運動意象量表之編製。大專體育學刊，11(2)，69-83。doi:10.5297/ser.200906_11(2).0005[Chang, C.-Y., & Wang, J.-M. (2009). The development of exercise imagery inventory. Sport & Exercise Research, 11(2), 69-83. doi:10.5297/ser.200906_11(2).0005]

Andersson, E. K., & Moss, T P. (2011). Imagery and implementation intention: A randomised controlled trial of interventions to increase exercise behaviour in the general population. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(2), 63-70. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.07.004。

Baker, J., Meisner, B. A., Logan, A. J., Kungl, A.-M., & Weir, P. (2009). Physical activity and successful aging in Canadian older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 17(2), 223-235. doi:10.1123/japa.17.2.223。

Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 1-45). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511527692.003。