Special education requires multiple research methods to provide effective intervention in clinical practice, of which single-case research is most widely used. With the implementation of the evidence-based practices in the United States, the single-case research in the special education field has gradually established empirical indicators. Through the process of reviewing the literature, the article clearly showed characteristics of evidence-based practices and types of research questions, research design, main features, reliability and validity of single-case research, and relationship with the evidence-based practices. Finally, single-case research is an adapter which promoted the special education to the evidence-based practices.