論華語文教學標音工具－以注音符號與漢語拼音為例

Notional Phonetic Alphabet and Hànyǔpīnyīn-Phonetic Symbols for Beginners

歐德芬(Te-Fen Ou)

《清雲學報》 31卷3期 (2011/07) Pp. 101-116

https://doi.org/10.7049/JCYU.201107.0101

摘要

隨著中國的崛起，海外掀起一片華語熱，不論臺灣的國語教學或是海外的華語教學，語音教學仍是語言教學之本。華（國）語文的學習，首先面對的即是語音的標音符號。由於華語為有聲調的表意文字，和歐美語言的無聲調表音文字差異甚大，海外華語學習者咸認為語音及漢字學習為華語的兩大難點，因此本文從語言學習的角度出發，分別由各個不同面向分析注音符號及漢語拼音當成華語標音工具的利弊得失，提出以注音符號作為華語文的標音工具不但可避免學生學習華語語音時來自母語的負遷移，且更進一步對日後漢字學習有正面的效果。誠然漢語拼音為現今國際華語學習的主流標音符號而注音符號當華語標音系統只在臺灣通行，或有學者認為漢語拼音應取代注音符號作為國語的標音工具，但是從語言學習的角度分析，臺灣小學生學習國語的成功經驗，實應值得類推至國外學生的華語學習。因此注音符號不但不應被漢語拼音取代為學生學習國語的標音符號，反而應積極地向海外推廣，讓海外華語學習者能更快速而有效地學習華語。

關鍵字

注音符號 ； 華語教學 ； 標音符號 ； 漢語拼音 ； 表意文字

並列摘要

With the increasing economic and educational interflow between Taiwan and China, there has also been an increasing interest in the world population for learning Chinese nowadays. As for teaching and learning Chinese as a second language, the most and first issue to face is choosing phonetic symbols. Hànyǔpīnyīn (漢語拼音) as phonetic symbols is the mainstream of the world in the field today while notional phonetic alphabet (注音符號) is only in practice in Taiwan. However, the successful experiences for elementary school students learning Chinese with notional phonetic alphabet in Taiwan are really worthy to analogize to the world. Chinese, in contrast with stress languages and phonograms such as English and Japanese, is a tone language and ideogram, and therefore phonetics and characters are regarded as two main problems for overseas Chinese learners. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the difference of phonetic symbols between Hànyǔpīnyīn and notional phonetic alphabet from the perspective of language learning. The advantages and disadvantages for such two phonetic symbols are also discussed in this article. Notional phonetic alphabet will be proposed as a phonetic symbols superior to Hànyǔpīnyīn for language beginners. Learning Chinese with notional phonetic alphabet can not only avoid negative transfer from mother tongue, but also result in a positive effect in learning Chinese characters thereafter. Therefore, to learn Chinese efficiently and effectively as it is in Taiwan, notional phonetic alphabet merits to be promoted to overseas Chinese learners.

並列關鍵字

teaching Chinese as a second language ； notional phonetic alphabet ； Hànyǔpīnyīn ； phonetic symbols ； ideogram