教練的威權領導與選手的情緒及行為：選手認知評估因應之觀點

身為選手，面對威權的教練，相信許多人都曾經驗到憤怒的負面情緒。然而，威權領導只讓選手有憤怒的負面情緒，可能有正面情緒嗎？尤其是近來威權領導已經區分為專權與尚嚴的二元威權內涵，這使得在專權與尚嚴教練的領導下，選手可能的情緒與行為反應，成為一項重要且有意義的研究課題。本研究的目的是結合威權領導與情緒理論，探討教練威權領導與選手的情緒及行為傾向。本研究首先從家長式領導的威權概念出發，分析教練威權與選手情緒與行為之可能關係。其次從Lazarus的情緒理論說明選手面對教練的威權領導的情緒機轉。接著從近期二元威權領導的專權及尚嚴的研究結果，討論選手情緒的認知評估及因應，在面對不同的威權領導時，選手可能的情緒反應。本研究共推論有七個命題，可以總結出概念架構及可能的過程，以此來說明教練的威權領導與選手的情緒及行為傾向的可能過程，並描繪出面對教練的威權領導，選手有正面的情緒反應的輪廓。

關鍵字

專權領導；尚嚴領導； Lazarus情緒理論；教練選手關係

並列摘要

Coaches' authoritarian leadership is a sensitive topic because it arouses athletes' complex feelings. Coaches' authoritarian leadership is an important issue for researchers and practitioners. The purpose of the preset study is combined with authoritarian leadership theory and emotion theory to make explicit the relationship between coaches' authoritarian leadership and athletes' emotions and behaviors. Based on paternalistic leadership, we reviewed the origin of authoritarian leadership, and discussed the athletes' emotions and behaviors that may triggered by coaches' authoritarian. In line with Lazarus's emotion theory, we explained the athletes' emotional mechanism to deal with coaches' authoritarian leadership. We further discussed the pathway of coaches' dominance-focus/discipline-focus authoritarian leadership and athletes' emotional cognitive-appraisal-coping. We proposed seven propositions for the relationships and illustrated in a process figure to show the relationship between coaches' authoritarian leadership and athletes' emotions and behaviors. We presented the limitations and suggested for future studies. The contributions of the presented were also addressed.

並列關鍵字

dominance-focus leadership ； discipline-focus leadership ； Lazarus's emotion theory ； coach-athlete relationship

參考文獻

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122

Bacharach, S. B. (1989). Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 14, 496-515. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4308374

Barcza-Renner, K., Eklund, R. C., Morin, A. J., & Habeeb, C. M. (2016). Controlling coaching behaviors and athlete burnout: Investigating the mediating roles of perfectionism and motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 38(1), 30-44. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2015-0059

Beal, D. J., Trougakos, J. P., Weiss, H. M., & Green, S. G. (2006). Episodic processes in emotional labor: Perceptions of affective delivery and regulation strategies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1053. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1053

Bianco, T., & Eklund, R. C. (2001). Conceptual considerations for social support research in sport and exercise settings: The case of sport injury. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23(2), 85-107. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.2.85

主題瀏覽