台灣社會工作者職場抗拒類型之研究－以兒少保社工者為例

英國、美國的社工以罷工等方式來表達對職場環境的反動，現今台灣兒少保社工所面對的職場環境，是一個充滿責信也是責備的環境，兒少保業務需求增加，但人力始終跟不上的環境、兒少保的工作時間被偷走的環境、同時也是兒少保社工與工作疏離的環境，然台灣兒少保社工又是會如何回應呢？會如同英美的罷工嗎？還是會私自運用各種方式來表達自己的不滿？本研究將達到的目的有二，一為描繪台灣兒少保社工職場抗拒類型的樣貌，並瞭解影響台灣兒少保社工職場抗拒的因素。職場抗拒的產生是來自勞動者對於對工作疏離或長期處在情緒勞動的職場環境而產生不滿的反動，或是受到管理階層壓迫的職場關係的反彈。職場抗拒的類型可區分如Marx和勞動過程理論強調以集體方式對抗資產階級或管理階層，或如Foucault以微型政治的個別方式，進行與權力之對抗，進而逐漸改變結構所帶來的衝擊。本研究以問卷調查進行資料蒐集，經篩選除錯後共有173份問卷進行資料分析，本研究以描述性統計、兩變項相關分析和迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析，本研究發現：一、以個案利益為優先，社工自我的權益擺後面：有41.5%的兒少保社工縱使感受到職場環境的不友善或有不滿，也不會輕易有抗拒的行為，以其他休閒或轉換壓力的方式，紓解職場所給予各種壓力，或勞動過程的不滿。有29.5%兒少保社工即使有抗拒行為，也會以Foucault的微型政治方式，以個別方式對抗現今的職場環境。會有此現象是因兒少保社工皆會以個案的利益為優先，疲於個案的處遇工作，忽略自身的勞動的情況。二、工作特性和工作自主性是兒少保社工最在意：提供兒少保社工更安全的工作環境，以及減少各項文書作業工作，就是減少新管理主義所帶來的干擾，讓兒少保社工有更多與案家進行處遇的時間，即會減少兒少保社工抗拒的行為。三、職場關係是兒少保社工引發抗拒行為的重要因素：改善職場關係即會減少職場抗拒行為的發生。且職場關係對個別被動抗拒和集體被動抗拒都有較高的可解釋的變異量，也就代表有較高的預測力，因此，若能減少對立的職場關係，即可減少兒少保社工的抗拒行為。兒少保社工和管理階層是需要一個互信平等的溝通平台，彼此的同理和瞭解才能化解對立關係，才能建立共好的職場環境，提供個案更佳的服務品質。

關鍵字

職場抗拒；工作疏離；勞動過程理論；微型政治

並列摘要

Social workers in the United Kingdom and the United States strikes to express their reactions to the workplace. The workplace of child protect social workers is responsibility and blame in Taiwan. The social workers working hours are stolen, and in which social workers are alienated from their jobs, but how will the social workers respond in Taiwan? Is it like the strike? Will they express its own dissatisfaction with kinds of way?. The purpose of this study will be two, one is to describe the appearance of the type of workplace resistance of Taiwan's child protect social workers, and to understand the factors affecting whose the workplace resistance. The resistance of the workplace arises from the laborers' reaction to dissatisfaction with the work environment that is alienated from work or long-term emotional labor, or the rebound of the workplace relationship oppressed by the management. The types of workplace resistance can be distinguished such as Marx and the Labor Process Theory (LPT)emphasizes confronting the bourgeoisie or the management in a collective manner, as Foucault conducts confrontation with power in individual ways of micro-politics, and gradually changes the impact of the structure. In this study, questionnaires were used to collect data. A total of 173 questionnaires were used for data analysis after screening and debugging. This study used statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. This study found that: (1) 41.5% of the social workers are not comfortable with the workplace environment. They will not easily resist the behavior and use other leisure or conversion pressures. , The dismissal of the workplace gave all kinds of pressure, or dissatisfaction with the labor process. 29.5% of social workers and underprivileged social workers will use Foucault's micro-political methods to counteract the current workplace environment in individual ways, even if there is resistance. (2) Social workers need safe working environment, and reducing the workload of various paperwork, is to reduce the interference caused by neo-managerialism, so that social workers have more time to deal with the case. (3) The relationships between social workers and manager is an important factor in the resistance of social workers. If it can reduce the opposing workplace relations, it can reduce resistance of social workers.