變遷中的母系社會與移居都市地區阿美族女性家庭照顧者之照顧樣態

The Changing Matrilineal Society and the Care Model of Amis Female Family Caregivers in Urban Areas

劉鶴群(He-chiun Liou) ； 林鈺縈(Yu-ying Lin) ； 張玉龍(Yu-lung Chang)

《社會發展研究學刊》 27期 (2021/03) Pp. 1-29

https://doi.org/10.6687/JSDS.202103_(27).0001

摘要

本研究旨在探究變遷中的阿美族母系社會體系，是如何形塑該族女性在都市中的家庭照顧樣態。對於移居都市的原住民而言，家庭照顧這項家庭內的勞務工作，受著主流社會之經濟制度、價值觀及社會規範的影響。然而阿美族母系社會的傳統，亦牽動著與家庭中性別角色分工密不可分的照顧工作。本研究採取混合研究方法，擷取質性研究與量化研究之優點。首先透過問卷調查之方式，蒐集居住於花東新村都市部落之阿美族人對於母系社會現況之認知與態度，初步了解阿美族母系社會之變遷實況。其次則以調查結果為基礎，擬定訪談大綱，與移居都市地區之阿美族女性家庭照顧者進行面對面的訪談，勾勒出她們在都會部落中家庭照顧的樣態，以及在變遷的族群文化下，身為家庭中照顧者之照顧歷程與困境。研究結果發現：1.母系社會之文化已逐漸消逝於漢人文化當中。2.母系社會傳統之居處法則喪失，移居都市地區之阿美族女性家庭照顧者缺乏母系家族的支持，照顧負擔隨之增加。3.原漢通婚比例增加，文化差異、種族歧視、婆媳問題都加深了照顧困境。4.都市部落擁有著類似原鄉部落的歸屬感，夠減輕移居都市地區之原住民女性家庭照顧者之照顧壓力。

關鍵字

移居都市地區之原住民 ； 阿美族 ； 母系社會 ； 家庭照顧者

並列摘要

This research aims to explore how the changing matriarchal system of the Amis has shaped the way urban Amis women c are for their families. For the minority of urban indigenous people, although caregiving is a labor service within the family, which is influenced by the economic, cultural and social norms of the mainstream society. Nevertheless, the matrilineal tradition of the Amis also affects the care work inseparable from the division of gender roles in the family. This research adopts a mixed research method, taking advantages of the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methods. First, through questionnaire, this study collects structured data from Amis people who are living in the urban tribes of Huadong Village, regarding their cognitions of and attitudes a bout the matrilineal tradition, so as to get a preliminary understanding of the changing nature of the matrilineal society. Secondly, furthered by the survey results, an interview guideline has been drawn up, and face-to-face interviews with urban Ami female family caregivers are conducted to explore the practices of caregiving and challenges faced by female caregivers under changing cultural norms in urban Amis settlement of Huadong Village. The results of the study show that: 1. The matriarchal tradition of the Amis has been gradually disappearing, due to the influences of majority Han culture. 2. The traditional residential rules of matrilineal tradition have been lost, and the urban indigenous female family caregivers rarely get support from their matrilineal families, adding up to the burden of caregiving. 3. The proportion of intermarriage between the Han and the indigenous people are common, as a result, cultural differences, racial discrimination, mother- and daughter-in-law issues have deepened the dilemmas of care. 4. Urban indigenous tribes have provided with a sense of belonging similar to that of native tribes, which can reduce the pressures of caregiving faced by the female urban indigenous caregivers.

並列關鍵字

urban indigenous ； the Amis ； matriarchal tradition ； family caregiving

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