生命故事繪本方案在老人日間照護機構的行動研究與反思

台灣社會面對人口高齡化，積極建置長期照護體系，對於高齡者的心理健康議題相對較少關注，進入老年期時是否取得社會心理的平衡，達到老年期發展「統整」，成為社會適應、正面看待與接納老化的重要因素。本研究旨在透過生命故事繪本方案介入老人日間照顧機構生活情境，體現真誠關懷和同理，藉由行動研究法計畫、行動、反思與修正的循環過程，了解各階段性行動的優缺點，反思與調整執行歷程，釐清生命故事繪本方案與老人生命自我統整的關聯。研究以台中市東勢區A機構日間照顧中心具有聽、說的能力的長者為參與對象，共計12位。以行動研究方式執行五次生命故事繪本團體，從計畫、執行、反思評鑑到完成，歷經四個階段。研究結果發現參與團體的長者於口語表達、人際互動及各種活動參與的意願顯著增加。使用長輩熟悉的母語溝通是喚醒老人記憶的橋樑，活動帶領技巧多給予長者關懷、肯定、鼓勵，提供發揮的舞台，讓長者重新看待自己。研究發現生命故事繪本活動有助於長者對於「過去我」、「現在我」和「未來我」的統整，建立生命意義感、提昇自信及自我價值感。本研究也針對高齡者團體活動的規劃需兼顧創新思維及友善的活動環境等提出若干建議。

關鍵字

生命故事書；生命統整；行動研究

並列摘要

The goal of this research was to intervene and observe the seniors 'lives in the elder day care institution by sharing life story picture books with the them. In this way, we could show sincere care and empathy. By means of Action Research program, we implement, reflect and revise iteratively in order to understand the pros and cons of each action research phase, and then we reflect and adjust at each phase in different difficult situations. By integrating the picture book stories and the elderly life, and finding connection and relations between books and seniors 'lives, we record, reflect the course of action throughout program activity, and the elders 'personal growth. The subjects of this study were twelve seniors at a day care institution in Dongshi, Taichung. The findings are summarized as follows: 1. To communicate with the elderly in their mother tongue language is the bridge to arouse the elders 'memory. 2. Elders need care, affirmation, encouragement, and confidence. Additionally, they also need their own stage to fulfill themselves. 3. We found that through story sharing, elders have made great improvements in oral expression, social interaction and willingness to participate in varies activities. 4. Life story books help the elderly unify their past, present, and future. 5. Narrative stories could establish the meaning of life, increase sense of happiness, sense of self-esteem and enhance elders' confidence. By narrations or telling stories, elders integrate their life experiences. Therefore, they could reflect their past positively, learn to live with advancing age, know that it is inevitable to become old, accept who they really are at present, and face future fearlessly. We hope the results of this research could be helpful and informative for long-term care institutions and social work.