台灣貧困家庭親職化兒童的生活樣貌與需求

The Situation and Needs of the Parentified Children in the Needy Families in Taiwan

張緡鏐(Min-Liu Chang) ； 蘇映伊(Inn-Ie Su) ； 王聖基(Sheng-Chi Wang)

《台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊》 8卷2期 (2018/10) Pp. 43-86

https://doi.org/10.3966/222372402018100802002

摘要

有一群兒童反轉了原本受照顧的角色，負起父母原本持家、保護、照顧的責任，這種現象稱為親職化（parentification），在台灣貧困家庭中的兒童，有很多符合親職化現象，因此對台灣貧困家庭親職化兒童的生活樣貌為何？以及親職化兒童在發展上受到什麼影響？此為本研究所要探討的議題，本研究有兩個研究目的，一為瞭解台灣貧困家庭親職化兒童完整的生活樣貌，第二是探討台灣貧困家庭親職化兒童的生活需求。本研究共訪談11名貧困家庭中之親職化兒童，以瞭解其生活樣貌，並進一步透過問卷調查，以普查的方式瞭解接受家扶基金會親職化兒童服務方案504名成員提供家庭照顧情形和所面對的困難或問題。研究發現有二：一、在照顧角色和工作情況，親職化兒童日常家務工作為親職化兒童最常承擔的角色和工作、其次是手足照顧者的角色，建議政府針對貧困家庭提供經濟補助外，更需要補充貧困家庭的照顧人力，減輕貧困家庭親職化兒童的照顧工作，而且該名家庭照顧的人力除日常的家務工作的協助外，在課業輔導和手足的行為管教上，提供支持和諮詢，才能減輕親職化兒童的負擔。二、在親職化兒童受到影響和有困擾方面，顯示親職化兒童的心理受到很大的影響，尤其是親職化兒童在工作初期會蓄積很多的負面情緒，建議提供心理諮商服務，以減少親職化兒童的負面情緒。親職化兒童也會面臨人際交往和學業的問題，建議提供課業輔導，以及增加人際互動技巧的學習和人際互動的接觸機會。

關鍵字

貧困家庭 ； 親職化兒童 ； 家務負擔 ； 需求

並列摘要

During the child development, the function of the family consists of the financial support, protection and education. However, when their parents might be busy at work, irresponsible for rearing children or having severe illness or disability, those parentified children will need to take the roles of parents and the responsibility. Those children are playing roles reversal acting as a parent in the family. It is also known as parentification and those children are called parentified children. Therefore, we should pay a closed attention to those children for what they have suffered, the impact on roles reversal and their needs. In order to better understand the current situation and the needs of the parentified children in the poor families, we have interviewed 11 our supported children in this study for more details. Through the survey, it will help us more realize their actually needs of 504children. There are two research findings: in taking care of roles and work situations, the daily duties of children in the housework are the most frequently assumed roles and work for children, followed by the role of sibling carers. It is recommended that the government provide the family cares in addition to the daily domestic work assistance, in the academic counseling and Supporting and counseling in the behavioral management of young brothers or sisters can reduce the burden on the parentified children. The parentified children will accumulate a lot of negative emotions. They need psychological counseling services.The parentified children also face problems interpersonal relationship and academic studies, suggesting provide the tutoring , increased interpersonal skills and increased opportunities for interpersonal interaction.

並列關鍵字

Poor family ； Parentified children ； Housework loading ； Need