從外交觀看孫中山的聯俄容共

本文主要是從外交觀點來看孫中山的聯俄容共政策。開宗明義地表示了孫中山在當時的內外交迫的局勢中，所做的完全主動的外交觀。因為當時有幾個大目標必須去執行運作。倘若不聯俄，它有可能繼沙俄以來繼續侵略中國。而當和蘇俄結合，世界各國會更重視中國，而和中國結合。再則把張作霖納進來，以促成中國國民黨在東南，張作霖在東北，蘇俄在西北的一個鐵三角形勢。事實證明這段史實，蘇俄給予孫中山幫助非常大。他要北伐，所以必要的條件在於金援、軍援，以及顧問人才、武器上的供應。而更大的貢獻創造了黃埔軍校，使得孫中山在南方有了自己的軍事組織，以對抗北方的政府。他絕對是為了聯俄才不得不容共。他必須去靠一個外援，才有可能重新建立國民黨。一直到民國十六年聯俄容共對中國實質上的幫助很大。我們不能因為它影響到民國五十、六十年的中共赤化大陸而否定了這項政策當時之執行，不能從結果去斷定或否定它，更不能說他是錯誤的。如此才不失之公平看待這段重要的歷史事件。

關鍵字

外交觀；孫中山；聯俄容共；蘇俄；黃埔軍校

並列摘要

The main purpose of this research is to elaborate on Sun Yat-sen's ”The First United Front” and its diplomatic implications. Owing to the circumstances in China and the world, Sun was forced to invite CCP and Comintern to join KMT for the formation of ”The First United Front”. There were a few goals to achieve. If a united front was not formed, it was very likely that the USSR might follow the usurped Tsar's steps to continue invading China. Because of the cooperation with USSR, countries from around the world would pay much more attention to what was happening in China. Moreover, if Chang Tso-lin (張作霖) was also invited to join the front, there would be a balance of forces among KMT (based in the southeast), Chang Tso-lin (based in the northeast), and the USSR (based in the northwest).The united front proved to be a great help for Sun Yat-sen. He had been planning for a northern expedition, therefore he was in dire need of supply on finance, soldiers, military advisors, and weapons. The founding of Huangpu Military Academy was crucial. This military organization in southern China played an important role in the fighting against the government in the north. To ally with the USSR for assistance in building a new KMT, it was absolutely necessary to also ask CCP to join the front. The benefits ”The First United Front” brought to China was tremendous. This was especially true during the mid-1920s. It may be that such an alliance partly resulted in the ”communization” of mainland China by CCP during 1960s and 1970s, however, the implementing of a ploicy of this kind by Sun Yat-sen was a ”necessary evil”. We can neither willfully decide it to be a wrongdoing nor can we deny its rightful existence just because of the consequences. It is only by doing so can this chapter of history be fairly read.