從危機干預觀點談早產兒之社會工作處置

Social Work Intervention for the Premature-A "Crisis Intervention" Perspective

龍紀萱(Chi-Hsuan Lung)

《當代社會工作學刊》 4期 (2001/11) Pp. 93-119

摘要

早產兒的降臨對於家庭來說除了要接受家中多了一位早產兒的事實之外，還要面對一連串檢查與治療的過程，甚至早產兒可能造成終生殘疾或死亡的不確定性壓力，這對家庭而言無疑地是面臨一項危機事件。依據時間的不同與早產兒的狀況變化，家庭可能會經歷震驚期、危機期、轉型期、長久期等四個不同階段，分別會有不同的反應與問題產生；身為社會工作專業人員，必須將早產視為家庭的危機事件，運用危機干預觀點的理論為基礎提供社會工作處置，以即時、積極主動的原則來提供服務，並給予足夠的支持讓案家建立有限的目標與希望，且以問題獲得解決為重點。因此，早產兒家庭從早產兒出生剛開始、住院、到出院追蹤的階段，所面臨的需求及危機都不同，需要社會工作提供不同的處置，而社會工作者不僅協助家庭面對目前的危機，更期待可預防其他危機之發生，甚至能夠以自身經驗幫助其他早產兒家庭度過此危機事件。

並列摘要

For the birth of a premature, the family not only has to accept a fact of having one premature, but also has to face a series of physical examination and treatment. Furthermore, that premature might become deformity in all his life or died will produce an uncertainly stress. It is no doubt that this family must face a crisis. According to the different pregnant days and the healthy conditions of the premature, the family might experience four different phases: shock phase, crisis phase, transition phase, chronic phase. At each phase, there will be different reaction and problem occurred. Being a social worker, he must regard the premature delivery as a family crisis, and offers a social work based on the crisis intervention perspective. That's to offer the services timely actively and on initiative, and give sufficient supports to the family for establishing a limited goal and hope. The focal point is to have the problem solved. Therefore, a premature family will face different demands and crises from the phase of baby birth, being hospitalized and the trace after leaving hospital. The family need the social work to provide different intervention. The social worker not only assists the family to face the current crisis, but also expects to prevent the occurrence of other crises. Furthermore, he might be able to help other premature family to pass this crisis with their own experiences.