信用交易下具有效期限新鮮物品之最適訂價與補貨策略

Optimal Pricing and Replenishment Polices for Fresh Produce with Expiration Date Under Trade Credit

楊志德(Chih-Te Yang) ； 戴忠淵(Chung-Yuan Dye) ； 陳立元(Li-Yuan Chen) ； 黃勁智(Chin-Chih Huang)

《健行學報》 35卷3期 (2015/07) Pp. 29-52

摘要

本研究擬建立一個在允許延遲付款的信用交易條件下，考慮具有效期限之新鮮物品的存貨模式。模式中，我們假設市場的需求率同時與物品的銷售價格、物品新鮮度以及有受限的貨架存貨水準與有關，且物品具某一特定之有效期限或壽命，超過有效期限或壽命即無法銷售。此外，我們也試著放寬期末存貨為零的假設，並對於期末未售出物品考慮將以一個殘餘價格整批處理售出。首先，我們先建立零售商在不同情況下全年總利潤函數的存貨模式，並利用傳統的擇優法求解。接著本研究提出一個簡易的演算方法來找出使得零售商全年總利潤函數為最大的最適解值。最後，利用一些數值範例來說明求解過程與結果，並做敏感度分析。依據數值範例的結果，提供相關決策者幾個有用的管理意涵。

關鍵字

存貨管理 ； 訂價 ； 有效期限 ； 有限的架上空間 ； 延遲付款

並列摘要

This study establishes an inventory model for fresh product under permissible delay in payments. In the model, the demand rate is assumed to be dependent on sale price, freshness of good and limited inventory level on the shelf. In addition, the good is assumed to has an expiration date or life, and it cannot be sold after expiration date. The terminal condition of zero ending inventory level is relaxed and unsold items in the end of replenishment cycle can be sold at a residual price in bulk. We first establish the retailer's annual total profit function under various situations and then solve them by using the optimization method. Furthermore, we provide the decision-maker a simple algorithm to find the optimal solutions for maximizing the retailer's annual total profit. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the solution procedure and result, and a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is also carried out. In accordance with the numerical results of sensitivity analysis, several management implications are provided for the relevant decision-maker.

並列關鍵字

inventory management ； pricing ； expiration date ； limited shelf space ； delay in payments