長日將盡　典型夙昔－李慈銘學術批評中所見的乾嘉情懷及其意義

The Fine Traditions before Sunset: Li Ciming's Attachment to the Qianlong-Jiaqing Era's Scholarship Revealed in His Academic Critiques

蔡長林(Ch'ang-Lin Tsai)

《人文中國學報》 20期 (2014/09) Pp. 113-163

摘要

李慈銘因《越縵堂日記》而於晚清享有盛譽，是書評騭經史百子之斷語，洋洋乎百萬言。後人震懾於其賅博宏富，多以《日記》所書之文而溯源李氏之學，或以其論學林高下之語而述清季學術。但此類論述，並未能直陳隱没在學術論斷之後的終極關懷。是以本文透過爬梳《日記》中的言論，探討李氏在進行學術批判時的準繩，乃是以乾嘉漢學傳統爲典範；通過對學人、著述之臧否是非，試圖扭轉學術之歪曲，以冀重建已然頽圮的漢學宫牆，重返心中那個學術、政治皆足垂範的乾嘉時代，也依此闡明傳統士人力圖斧正學術而醇厚風俗的理想追求。

關鍵字

李慈銘 ； 《越縵堂日記》 ； 乾嘉漢學 ； 學術價值觀

並列摘要

Li Ciming (1830-1894) won great renown from his Diary of the Yueman Hall, which contains a million words of critique on the classics, histories, and intellectuals. In awe of and fearing his learnedness, most scholars of later ages traced the origin of his scholarship through the content of his Diary, while others discussed late Qing scholarship based on his comments. These discussions, however, can hardly articulate the ultimate concerns left after Li's critical comments. Through careful analyses of his arguments in the Diary, the present essay observes that Li regarded the scholarship of the Qianlong-Jiaqing era (early 18th to early 19th centuries)as his model and thereby set his criteria for academic criticism. By praising and criticizing scholars and their works, Li aimed to rectify the deviation in scholarship; rebuild the tradition of Han studies, which had long collapsed; and make a return to the exemplary Qianlong-Jiaqing era in both scholarship and politics. This will serve as an example of how traditional scholars endeavored to maintain a fine legacy in scholarship and social customs.

並列關鍵字

Li Ciming ； Diary of the Yueman Hall ； the Han studies of the Qianlong-Jiaqing era ； Values of scholarship