講經文心理動詞及其教化之研究－以敦煌本《妙法蓮華經》講經文為例

A Study on the Mental Verb of Sutra Lectures and the Related Enlightment Using the Dunhuang manuscripts of the ＂ Lotus Sutra＂ as an Example

劉靜宜

《臺東大學人文學報》 6卷2期 (2016/12) Pp. 119-162

摘要

本文以敦煌本《妙法蓮華經》講經文四個寫卷為主要研究範圍，文本分別是法國收藏編號P.2305、P.2133，以及俄國收藏編號Φ365正面、Φ365反面。首先，從心理學角度進行分類，以漢語語言學心理動詞為研究的基點，分析講經文中「情感類」、「認識類」和「意志類」的心理活動動詞，探討當時敦煌地區所用的語言概況。從中發現，有些詞彙已經流失，目前已經不用；而有些詞彙，詞義也擴大，展現了當時語言的變化性。其次，從唯識學角度，以色、聲、香、味、觸五塵進行研究，說明「境教」的重要性。講經文中，眼觀適意花，耳聽梵唄，鼻聞旃檀香，舌食法味，身拜懺禮佛等，一一法都是教化。最後，提出《妙法蓮華經》講經文內容推陳出新，不同於〈觀世音菩薩普門品〉原經典尋聲救苦之理，而強調「覺悟」、「西方淨土」修行之重要性。

關鍵字

敦煌講經文 ； 妙法蓮華經 ； 心理動詞 ； 唯識 ； 教化

並列摘要

The main research scope covered the four manuscripts from the Dunhuang edition of the ＂Lotus Sutra Lectures＂. The French collection numbers of the text are P.2305 and P.2133 and the Russian ones areΦ365 fron t side and Φ365 backside. First, this study performed the categorization process from the perspective of psychology. The research basis was the psychological verbs of Chinese linguistics. The psychological verbs from the scriptures that belonged to the categories including emotions, knowledge, and will were analyzed to explore the language used in the Dunhuang area back then. It was found that some words and phrases are no longer in use nowadays, while some had been expanded in terms of meanings. This finding shows the how changeable the language was at that time. Secondly, from the perspect of Vijñanavada, this study discussed the importance of ＂environmental education＂ based on the five objects: Sight object, Sound object, Smell object, Daste object, Touch object. The Sutra Lectures describes, ＂the eyes look at the daturas, the ears listen to the Buddhist chanting of prayers, the nose smells the scent of the sandlewood, the tongue tastes the dharma, and the body venerates the Buddha.＂ Everything can be enlightment through education. Lastly, this study suggested that the content of the ＂Lotus Sutra＂ lectures went beyond old ideas and was different from the principle of saving the suffered according to their calls in the original scriptures of ＂the Universal Door of Guanyin＂ as it stressed the practices for ＂consciousness＂ and ＂Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss＂.

並列關鍵字

Dunhuang of Sutra Lectures ； Lotus Sutra ； Mental Verb ； Vijñãnavãda ； Enlightment