手工藝知識與技術的意義與價值－以苑裡藺草編織的「物質特性」為例

The knowledge and skill of crafts as intangible heritage A study on the qualities of the material of Yuanli rush-weaving

陳怡方(Yi-fang Chen)

《臺東大學人文學報》 7卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 29-66

摘要

本文從工藝製作者的角度，來理解手工藝生產的知識和技術，以探究其所具有的內涵與意義，並指出當代工藝生產的知識與技術作為無形文化資產的意義。本文的提問為：如何理解當代社會中的工藝生產？無論是傳統手工藝作為無形文化資產，或是工藝產業作為文化創意產業，工藝生產在當代社會的意義為何？本文企圖提出一個新的視野來理解工藝生產及其意義，亦即，從物質特性與知識建構的角度來探究工藝生產的過程。本研究的分析指出，從物質特性切入可以看見工藝生產的過程是一個充滿人、物質、環境關係變化的過程，因而在工藝生產動作下，其實是工藝製作者掌握細微的特質與變化、運用其長年累積的知識，進而得以理解工藝製作者行動背後的理由。由此可知，工藝知識是建立在技術學習基礎上的知識建構，知識的取得與技術的學習密不可分；工藝者的技術並非是反覆練習就可以獲得，而必須建立在對於所需知識的掌握與運用上，這又必須建立在對於環境變化的敏銳感受上。因此，工藝生產所蘊含的是：透過實作以認識和學習的知識建構過程，該過程是一個結合身體、思維與環境的工藝實踐。綜上所述，對於工藝生產的理解，將使我們明白，工藝生產為何值得作為無形文化資產，其真正意義與價值在此。

關鍵字

手工藝生產 ； 物質特性 ； 無形文化資產 ； 以技藝為基礎的知識建構 ； 藺草編織

並列摘要

Based on ethnographic fieldwork among weavers of rush-woven objects in rural Taiwan, this article attempts to explore the meaning of the knowledge and skill of rush-weaving as intangible heritage from the weaver's perspective. This article asks how we can understand contemporary craft production, and it proposes a way of understanding craft production and its meaning. Drawing on the notion of the qualities of materials, craft production is indeed a process of the interaction between a weaver, the material of weaving, and their environment. What lies underneath each action of the procedure of weaving is the way in which a weaver perceives the subtle changes of the qualities of the rush and her environment, and incorporates it into weaving. Based on learning and her experience of weaving, a weaver accumulates knowledge and skill of weaving. It is actually the kind of skill-based knowledge. Learning and knowing cannot be separated. The construction of knowledge is based on the learning and practice of skill. Meanwhile, a weaver cannot obtain the skill of weaving by practice alone, but needs to employ her knowledge of weaving and perception of changes of the rush and her environment in the process of learning. Hence, craft production indeed contains the process of knowledge construction in practice. It is a process and craft practice that combines the body, the mind and the environment. Overall, it is argued that the meaning and value of craft as intangible heritage are manifest by way of investigating the construction of knowledge and skill in the process of craft production.

並列關鍵字

craft production ； the qualities of materials ； intangible heritage ； skill-based knowledge ； rush-weaving