健身體育與樂觀：第一階段質的探索

Exercise and Optimism: A Preliminary Qualitative Exploration

徐碧柑(Belle P. K. Hsu) ； 盧俊宏(Frank J. H. Lu) ； 黃璟蕙(Shari C. H. Huang)

《大專體育學術專刊》 91年度 (上) (2002/05) Pp. 214-222

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200205_91.0022

摘要

本研究的目的在探討規律健身運動與樂觀之關係，研究架構延伸Kavussanu和McAuley（1995）對健身運動與樂觀所進行之研究。本研究以5位經常從事健身運動的男性為對象，年齡在21-40歲間，具5-22年的運動經驗。以深入晤談（in-depth interview）為主要收集資料方式，針對受試者對健身運動的個人體驗和樂觀之間的關係進行質的分析。研究資料利用內容分析法（content analysis）為主要途徑，採開放式編碼（open coding）和主軸編碼（axial coding）進行主題（themes）確認、歸類、和彼此關係之分辨。研究發現個人的、情境的、情緒的、認知的、和行為等五大因素為健身運動與樂觀之間最重要的影響因素。在個人因素方面，生活經驗、成就動機、外向與冒險、好玩等因素，為影響樂觀的重要因素。情境方面，遠端的因素包括社會、政治、經濟、工作等；近端因素包括家人、朋友、體適能中心人員等影響樂觀。情緒方面，壓力釋放、增加活力、減低身體不適與病痛、降低沮喪和焦慮，以及提高勝任能力、滿意等為重要影響樂觀之因素。認知方面為增加自信、目標的到達、提昇身體自我概念和心智韌性等等為重要關鍵因素。至於行為方面，健身運動提昇工作或學業效率、心智機能、睡眠品質、人際關係等等俱為重要影響樂觀因素。本研究結論指出，規律健身運動對樂觀傾向的影響建築在運動後帶來的身體適能、健康、情緒、心智、生活的品質、和自我概念的改變。

關鍵字

健身運動 ； 樂觀 ； 體適能 ； 自我觀念

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between regular exercise and optimism by extending the study of Kavussanu and McAuley (1995). This study recruited 5 regular male exercisers, aged between 21 to 40, with 5 to 22 years of exercise experiences as subjects. The study employed in-depth interviews to collect datas. Qualitative research was processed for focusing on the relationship between the subjects' personal experiences of exercise and optimism. Datas were analyzed by content analysis, applying open coding as well as axial coding to identify and classify the themes, and further determine the relationship among them. The result showed that there were five most important factors existed between exercise and optimism: personal, situational, emotional, cognitive and behavorial factors. Within personal factors, there were important factors, like life experiences, achievement motivation, out-going and adventure-seeking, and fun. As to situational factors, social, political, economic and job-related factors were distal causes factors; family, friends, staffs in fitness centers were proximal causes factors. As to emotional factors, pressure releasing, vigor increasing, decreasing physical uncomfort, illness, depression, and anxiety, enhancing competence and satisfaction were factors that influenced optimism most. In cognitive factors, increasing confidence, goal achieving, improving physical self concept, and mental hardiness were important factors. As to behavioral factors, improving working and studying efficiency, mental functions, sleep quality, personal relationships were important factors. In conclusion, the influences of regular exercise on optimism tendency were built on the changes of physical fitness, health, emotion, mind, life quality, and self concept which were brought by regular exercise.

並列關鍵字

exercise ； optimism ； physical fitness ； self-concept