應用多元量測技術於高精度地籍測量之研究

本研究嘗試將多式新型的測量技術，應用於傳統地籍測量的作業上，期望達到建立地形快速測量程序之研究，進而利用點雲資料建立數值模型，將二維平面的地籍思維轉換為三維效應呈現。本研究採用全球導航衛星系統－即時動態定位技術（Global Navigation Satellite System -Real Time Kinematic, GNSS-RTK）與電子化全球衛星即時動態定位系統（Electronic Global Navigation Satellite System, e-GNSS）兩種方法，作為點位控制測量，比較分析兩者之成果，GNSS-RTK系統精度是優於e-GNSS系統，但二者所取得的坐標，絕大部分皆符合精度規範。選擇三維雷射掃描（3D Light Detection and Ranging, 3D LiDAR）與UAV傾斜攝影（UAV Oblique Photography）二種方法，作為取代傳統圖根測量之方法，比較分析兩者之差異，3D LiDAR之測量方式可確保每個點位的成果展現，且地面光達精度在平面坐標上優於UAV傾斜攝影的成果計算數十倍以上。本研究提出多元化的新式量測方法取代舊有程序，透過GNSS全球衛星導航系統，取得控制點位座標，且利用3D LiDAR獲取大面積的圖根點位資料，（18個測站最佳化距離約30公尺，拼接精度在公厘等級上下），再以點雲資料直接呈現測區範圍內的地形與地物，不但達到快速測量的目標，且證實三維點雲之成圖（50*50公分網格）實優於數值高程模型（Digital Elevation Model, DEM）20*20公尺網格之精確度。

關鍵字

地籍測量；全球導航衛星系統－即時動態定位技術；電子化全球衛星即時動態定位系統；三維雷射掃描； UAV傾斜攝影；數值高程模型

並列摘要

Using multiple measurement techniques for application on traditional general cadastral survey, the benefit of terrain rapid survey procedure will be achieved. Then point cloud data simultaneously be used to establish a numerical model which transforms the cadastral thinking of the two-dimensional into the presentation of three-dimensional effects. In this study, two methods of GNSS-RTK and e-GNSS are used as point control surveying. Comparative analysis of the results of the two methods , the accuracy of the GNSS-RTK is better than the e-GNSS method. However, most of the coordinates obtained by the two methods meet specification accuracy requirements. Choose two methods of 3D LiDAR and UAV Oblique photography as the method to replace the traditional mapping surveying. Comparative analysis of the results of the two methods , the method of 3D LiDAR can ensure the achievement of each point, and the plane coordinates accuracy of 3D LiDAR is better than those of UAV Oblique photography. This study proposes a variety of newly and multiple measurement techniques to replace the old procedures. The control point coordinates can be obtained through GNSS measurement, the large-scale mapping point data can be collected by 3D LiDAR(the optimized distance of 18 stations is about 30 meters, and the point cloud stitching accuracy is above and below the millimeter level), and use the point cloud data to directly display the terrain and features within the survey area. Not only to achieve the goal of rapid measurement, but also confirmed that the 3D point cloud (50*50 cm-grids)is better than the DEM( Digital Elevation Model, 20*20 m-grids) in accuracy.