流亡者的歷史見證與自我救贖－由「歷史文學」與「流亡文學」的角度重讀臺灣反共小說

本文認為，可以由「歷史文學」（Historical Literature）的角度，將「部分」重要的反共文學重新定位為「反共歷史小說」，聚焦此類小說的歷史敘事與流亡書寫的面向，而不以反共文學與國家機器之關連性為討論重點。反共小說執著於回望過往歷史，不少作品記錄了紅潮魔影深入民間之共相，解釋了流亡命運的原因所在，而由記錄與解釋自身與家國淪亡之命運出發，對話的對象乃是彼岸同時出現的新中國革命歷史小說。此外，本文也將從「流亡文學」（Exile Literature）的角度，重新探討反共小說中，流亡者如何藉由歷史再現，達成在家毀國滅情境中自我救贖的功能。與見證歷史一體兩面的事實是，這些臺灣的反共文學，也是流亡者的歷史與心靈創傷的再現，作品中充滿各種精神與身體的創傷。此類作品不僅具備中國文學脈絡中「傷痕文學」的性質，實更近於臺灣「流亡文學」、「離散文學」的特徵，應當據此予以重新定位。本文強調，擱置體制性暴力與書寫主體間的複雜關係，重讀出大時代底下，文學創作主體的記憶與情感狀態，是如何曲折地展現在文本之中，又如何時刻被體制所被迫壓抑與自我催眠，從而能逼近於理解當時流亡族群的生存心態，並藉由這樣的解讀，重新定位反共文學在臺灣文學史中的評價。

關鍵字

反共小說；歷史小說；流亡文學；離散

並列摘要

This paper argues that, by the ”Historical Literature” point of view, the ”some” important anti-communist literature re-defined as ”Anti-communist Historical Fictions”, and focus on historical narrative in such novels written in exile for. Anti-communist novel, dedicated to look back to past history, and many works of recorded red tide pervading the scene, explaining the reason for the fate of exile.In addition, this paper from the ”Exile Literature” point of view, reexamine the anti-communist novel. We can find that, an exile, how to use method of representation of history, helping himself to achieve self-redemption feature in the case of homes destroyed. Such works may be found in the Chinese literary tradition ”Scar Literature” in nature, but, their characteristics are closer to Taiwan's so-called ”Exile Literature” and ”Diaspora Literature”.This paper stresses that we can suspend discussion of institutional violence and the complex relationship between subjects. We can re-read the author's literary memory and emotion at the time. To show how the twists and turns in the texts, how moments of institutional repression and the forced self-hypnosis, which can approximate the time to understand the mentality of survival in exile group. By this interpretation, we can re-target anti-communist literature in the evaluation of the history of Taiwan literature.