- 期刊
臺灣野兔初步生態調查
The Preliminary Study on the Ecology of Formosan Hare (Lepus sinensis formosanus)
摘要
臺灣野兔（Lepus sinensis formosanus）為臺灣特有亞種的兔科動物。本研究自1989年8月至1991年3月在陽明山國家公園磺嘴山生態保護區內的翠翠谷沼澤進行臺灣野兔的初步生態調查，以明瞭野兔對棲地的需求及對棲地利用的情形，並藉望遠鏡由夜間的行為觀察，對野兔的活動時段和其行為作進一步的研究。野兔觀察結果，共記錄到189隻次的野兔、878堆排遺、發現65次腳印，統計分析的結果顯示，棲地最常利用草澤植被。草澤植被的目睹野兔隻次之比例（61.17%）、排遺（73.69%）和腳印（41.54%）都最高，而草原植被最低。不同地理分區的記錄，則顯示地勢較低的C區利用率最低。排遺有集中的現象，每堆排遺以單粒所佔的比例最高（56.61%）。在草澤和森林的交會區，記錄到較多的野兔目睹隻次、排遺和食痕。在樣區17種植物上，發現了野兔的食痕，以錢蒲（Juncus lwschenaultii）和日本針藺（Eleocharis congesta）最常發現。經由80日的野外觀察，發現野兔大部分為單獨活動（85.2%），未發現三隻以上同時出現。以隨意採樣法，記錄野兔之行為概分為攝食、警戒、休息、位移、躲藏和追隨等六大類。以位移（33.10%）和躲藏（26.94%）行為佔的比例最高，追隨行為最低。各行為有集中於日落後的4小時的趨勢（日落至22：00），野兔在各時段的活動情形有顯著的差異（追隨行為除外）。各季的各類行為分析也有顯著的差異。
並列摘要
The Formosan Hare (Lepus sinensis formosanus) is an endemic subspecies to Taiwan. From August, 1989 to March, 1991, the authors investigated the Formosan Hare's basic ecology, including habitats, vegetation type, behaviours, food plants and distribution in Taiwan. The study site is located at Huangtsuishan Chay Chay valley of Yangmingshan National Park. The major habitat types include swamp, grasslands and creek. We used binoculars (9 X 25) for observation.A total of 189 sightings, 878 piles of dungs and 65 footprints were recorded. Based on the analysis of the relationship between habitat types and four different areas, results indicated that Formosan Hares prefer the swamp area. The vegetation was dominated by Juncus sp.. In swampy areas, we obtained 61.17% of sightings, 73.69% of dung piles and 41.51 % of foot prints. In the ecotone between the swamp and forest habitats, we obtained high ratio of sighting records, dung and footprint. We discovered the feeding marks on seventeen species of plants, most were on Juncus lwschenaultii and Eleocharis congesta.Through 80 days of field observation, results showed that they were solitary most of the time (85.2%). We did not record more than three hares in the same quadrat. Behaviour of Formosan Hare could be separated into grazing, resting, alert, moving, hiding and following categories. Among these, moving (31.10%) and hiding (26.94%) were observed most frequently. They were active at dawn (sunset-22:00 P.M). All behaviour patterns were found significantaly various (p＜0.05) with seasons.