瓜地馬拉的結構型暴力與脫鉤社會

林柏宇

《拉丁美洲經貿季刊》 13期 (2013/06) Pp. 43-51

摘要

瓜地馬拉社會長久以來的政治排除、種族文化偏見與社會不公義是導致政府與游擊隊團體之間武裝暴力衝突的歷史根源。如果瓜地馬拉的社會形構可視為印第安原住民族與其他社會族群（ladinos，或是少數特權精英）之社會兩極化過程，我們也許可以理解精英階級訴諸暴力維持政治、社會現狀與剝削廉價勞動力的經濟發展模式之企圖。然而，如此論點不足以解釋暴力如何不改本質地融合於變革迭起的社會、經濟與政治體系中。因此，本文將著重於分析瓜地馬拉社會形構過程中，暴力、物質與文化之間的接合關係。

關鍵字

瓜地馬拉 ； 結構型暴力 ； 社會分化 ； 社會形構 ； 社會脫鉤 ； 社會兩極化

並列摘要

The violent armed conflict between the guerrilla groups and the Guatemalan government was one with its historical roots planted in political exclusion, racial culture discrimination and social injustice that had existed in Guatemalan society for a long time. If we consider the formation of Guatemalan society as a process of social polarization between the indigenous population and the other social group, known as ladinos or the privileged minority elites, the use of violence in elites to maintain the socio-political status quo and the economic development model based on the exploitation of cheap labor force may be understandable. However, this discourse is insufficient to explain how violence can be easily and continuously adapted to the different changes of social, economic and political systems and still can be upheld in its essence? Therefore, this essay focuses on analyzing the articulation between violence, material and culture during the particular process of social formation in Guatemala.

並列關鍵字

Guatemala ； structural violence ； social division ； social formation ； social disarticulation ； social polarization