- 期刊
墨西哥經濟模式的轉型與發展（1940~2015）
Transformation and Development of the Mexico's Economy (1940-2015)
摘要
墨西哥的經濟體在2001年曾居世界第9位，現為拉丁美洲第二大經濟體，墨西哥的經濟發展曾被視為發展中國家最強而成功的案例之一。本文旨在檢視墨西哥的經濟發展經驗，探討其歷經1940年代至1970年代由國家主導的「經濟國家主義」(Economic Nationalism)政策下，推動進口替代工業模式(ISI)，1980年代遭逢嚴重外債危機，乃至德拉馬德里(Miguel de la Madrid-1982-1988)、薩利納斯(Carlos Salinas-1988~1994)兩位總統任內，改採自由經濟與擴大出口經濟發展政策，並在1994年加入《北美自由貿易協定》(NAFTA)，之後在柴迪洛(Ernesto Zedillo-1994~2000)、福克斯(Vicente Fox-2000~2006)、卡德隆(Felipe Calderon- 2006~2012)與裴尼亞(Enrique Peña Nieto-2012~2018)等總統持續奉行「新自由主義」(Neoliberalism)經濟之路線下，藉由全球化的國際脈絡所發展的出口導向經濟模式。本文聚焦評析其間國家(state)與市場(market)在墨西哥經濟發展過程中的角色，以及在不同總統任期內之經濟政策與模式的成效和影響。
並列摘要
The Mexico's economy once ranked the ninth in the world in 2001, and it is now the second largest economy in Latin America. The Mexican economic development was also regarded as one of the strongest and most successful cases among developing countries. This article aims to examine Mexico's economic development experiences and explore its promotion of ＂Import-Substitution Industrialization＂ (ISI) models under the state-led ＂Economic Nationalism＂ policies from the 1940s to the 1970s, its severe encountering of external debt crises in the 1980s, the adoption of the free economy and export-expansion economic development policies along with Mexico's joining the NAFTA in 1994 during the Miguel de la Madrid(1982-1988) and Carlos Salinas (1988-1994) Presidencies, as well as the export-oriented economic models developed through the pursuit of the ＂Neoliberalism＂ economic orientations continued by the Fernando Zedillo(1994-2000), Vicente Fox(2000-2006), Felipe Calderon(2006- 2012) and Enrique Pena Nieto(2012-2018) Administrations within a globalized international context for the development. Furthermore, this article focuses on the roles of the state and the market in the processes of Mexico's economic development as well as the effectiveness and impact of those economic policies and models during those variant presidential terms in Mexico.