影響中國明朝文官考核制度因素之探討－以考核權責機構為例

Research on Civil Service Performance Assessment System of Ming Dynasty - A Case Study of the Performance Assessment Institutions

林文中(Wun-Jhong, Lin)

《中央警察大學警察行政管理學報》 17期 (2021/05) Pp. 137-158

摘要

明朝的文官考核制度，可分為「考滿法」與「考察法」二種。考滿法為考核官員施政表現的標準；考察法則是考核官員品操素行的方法。兩法相輔相成，為貫穿終明一朝吏治的考核制度。有關明朝考核權責機構，則有「吏部」、「都察院」與「六科給事中」等。吏部執掌考核制度的運行；都察院監督官員有無貪贓枉法之情；六科給事中則審核官員的行政效能。三者之間互有關聯，於每次朝廷考核時，便發揮各自的功用。本研究旨在探討明朝文官考核制度與考核權責機構的關聯，試圖找出影響考核制度的因素，並作為我國警察機關考核制度的借鏡。

關鍵字

考滿法 ； 考察法 ； 考核權責機構

並列摘要

The civil performance service assessment system of the Ming Dynasty could be divided into two types: ＂Governance Assessment Method(考滿法)＂ and ＂Behavior Assessment Method(考察法)＂.The Governance Assessment Method was the standard for assessing the performance of officials. The Behavior Assessment Method was a method to assess the morality of officials. These two methods were used throughout the Ming Dynasty. As for performance assessment institutions, there were three institutions : ＂Ministry of Civil Affairs(吏部)＂, ＂Censorate(都察院)＂ and ＂Reviewing Policy Adviser (給事中)＂.The Ministry of Civil Affairs were in charge of the operation of the assessment system. The Censorate inspected corruption cases of government officials . The Reviewing Policy Adviser supervised the administrative effectiveness. These institutions were all related to each other. When royal court executed the civil service assessment, played their role respectively. This research aims to explore the relationship between the Ming Dynasty civil service assessment system and institutions. Try to find out the factors that affect the assessment system and use it as a reference to our police agency.

並列關鍵字

Governance Assessment Method ； Behavior Assessment Method ； Performance Assessment Institution