是亂流？還是潮起、潮落？─尋找臺灣的「核心價值」及其變遷

Is It a Wind Shear or a Tide Getting Up-and-Down?-Searching for Core Values and Their Trends in Taiwan

黃囇莉(Li-Li Huang) ； 朱瑞玲(Ruey-Ling Chu)

《高雄行為科學學刊》 3期 (2012/05) Pp. 61-94

https://doi.org/10.29854/TJKBS.201205.0003

摘要

過去關於臺灣社會價值觀變遷之研究，無論是使用訪談的質性研究、國際性的價值量表，或是自編的價值量表，一向著重從傳統與現代的角度來理解臺灣的價值變遷。本論文採用Schwartz 與 Sagie (2000) 提出的以「重要性」與「共識性」討論價值觀，且以經濟發展與民主化程度指涉變遷。本論文使用臺灣地區社會變遷基本調查一期一次問卷II（1985 年）、二期五次問卷I（1994 年）、三期五次問卷I（1999 年）、四期五次問卷II（2004 年）等歷年關於價值取向、價值觀、文化價值等題項加以分析，另外，追加2008 年作者以205 名大學生所做的價值取向研究，合併比較分析。結果顯示：以高共識性且高重要性為核心價值，那麼，「和諧」（與自然保持和諧、家庭和諧）是臺灣民眾的核心價值，歷久不衰，且有極大的共識；長幼有序的人際關係雖是最重要的價值之一，卻在弱化中，尤其是對年輕的族群而言。民主、容忍異己、追求進步的價值一直受到重視且有共識，權力的價值則較貶低，但較無共識。追求臺灣文化的自主性與獨特性受到重視且有共識，但某些中國文化仍受堅守而不放棄。最後，臺灣社會的價值觀有其獨特性， 需要特別的理論以進一步理解與詮釋。

關鍵字

傳統與現代 ； 社會變遷 ； 和諧 ； 民主 ； 臺灣文化

並列摘要

Previous research about the value system and its change in Taiwan, independent from employed method such as qualitative method, international scale or self-construct scale of values, has mostly predominantly focused on the transition from tradition to modernity. But in this article, we tried to adopt a new perspective (Schwartz and Sagie, 2000) that used the ”value importance” and ”value consensus” as the basis of discussion, and ”economic development” and ”political democracy” as the index of social change.This article mainly used the items measuring values, value orientation, and cultural values based on many large representative samples of almost 2000 participants from the general population, and the survey was conducted by Academia Sinica at Taiwan in 1985, 1994, 1999, and 2004 respectively. Furthermore, items assessing value orientation constructed by Kluckhohn (1953) conducted with 250 college students by the first author in 2008 was also includes.Core values can be defined as those considered both high ”importance” and high ”consensus”. Thus, data analyses showed that ”harmony”(with nature and with family) was evaluated with highest importance and consensus. This suggests harmony should be regarded as a core value of Taiwanese value. Moreover, this core value has maintained its dominance for more than 20 years. ”Respect for seniority” (hierarchy), although evaluated as highly important, has gradually declined, especially among young. ”Democracy”,” tolerance”, as well as ”searching for progress” were evaluated as moderate importance and consensus, whiles ”power” was not considered intrinsically valuable. ”Autonomy” and ”uniqueness of Taiwanese culture” were preferentially pursued and treasured. Furthermore, there was also an unwillingness to relinquish some aspects of Chinese culture. It is concluded that Taiwan's value system is apparently so unique that a very specific theoretical framework is required to interpret it.

並列關鍵字

tradition ； modernity ； harmony ； democracy ； Taiwanese culture