兩岸關係非法出入境文書犯罪刑事處罰之探討

臺灣地區自開放大陸探親以來，大陸地區人民非法來台情形日益嚴重，對於國家的政治、經濟、海岸邊防、社會治安及國境管理均造成嚴重的威脅，致使「偷渡」已造成兩岸之間嚴重的問題。只是近年來由於治安機關查緝偷渡日加嚴謹，使得大陸地區人民以偷渡方式來台的危險性增高，以「合法」管道進入台灣地區便成為非法分子最佳掩護方法，其中又以以虛假名義申請正式之出入境證件或以非法手段偽造、變造出入境證件為最常使用之管道。這些出入境證件，有以合法之管道取得，亦有以偽造、變造等非法的方式獲得。而不論以何種方式獲得之出入境證件，均係非法出入境犯罪中特殊的犯罪類型之一，因為其係在出入境之證件或許可等相關的文書上作文章，故將之稱為「非法出入境之文書犯罪」。本文即就兩岸間的非法出入境，著重於大陸地區人民非法進入台灣地區之情形，對此種特殊的非法出入境犯罪類型做一論述，進而探討臺海兩岸對於此類文書犯罪之刑事處罰之異同，並分析台灣地區法規範相較之下的優劣之處，提出問題與建議，希冀為未來修法時提供一個不同的思考方向。

關鍵字

偷渡；假結婚；偽造文書；非法入出境；兩岸人民關係條例；國境安全；妨害國（邊）境管理罪

並列摘要

Since Taiwan has lifted its restrictions on people going to Mainland China to visit relatives, interactions across the Strait have become frequent. At that time, no provisions had been established with regard to the mainland people coming to Taiwan, and the enormous number of mainland people entering into Taiwan by illegal means has already caused serious threats to the politics, economy, coast guard, social security, and border administration of Taiwan. As a result, stowaways have become a serious problem for countries on both sides of the Strait. With the increasing strictness of the investigation of illegal immigration by the national security agents, the risk of mainland people entering into Taiwan by means of stowaway is highly increased, and thus, entering via ”legal” channels has become the best covering method for these offenders. Of these, applications for entry/exit permits under false names, or forgery or alteration of entry/exit permits are the most common means. These entry/exit documents may be obtained via legal channels, or through forgery or alteration. But it does not matter how these documents are obtained, they are all classified as a type of special illegal entrance crime. Because these criminal offenses are made through the entry/exit permits or relevant documents, they are called ”illegal immigration document offenses”.This study focuses on the condition of illegal entrance of mainland people to Taiwan, and discusses this special type of illegal entry/exit crime. This study further investigates and compares the difference between the criminal sanctions of Taiwan and China with regard to this type of document offense, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of our laws and regulations under comparison, and proposes some questions and recommendations with the hope to provide a different direction of thinking for future Amendments.