併行侵權行為人暨被害人與有過失時之責任分配

The Responsibility Assignment between the Parallel Torts Perpetrators and the Victim with the Negligence at the Same Accident Occurred

陳忠將(Chung-Chuan Chen)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 7卷2期 (2008/12) Pp. 69-91

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.200812.0003

摘要

關於數人未有意思聯絡且主觀上無故意而於事故發生的原因歷程中因他人行為的介入致彼此對結果發生互具因果關係，導致每位行為人對全體損害皆負賠償責任的情形，即過失共同侵權行為之發生，在我國民法上並無明文的規定，但該情形在實務上卻屢見不鮮，尤其在車禍事故上更是常見。傳統上我國皆適用民法第一百八十五條共同侵權行為的規定，以解決損害賠償之爭議，但就構成要件是否能一體適用則不無疑義。就故意或過失之共同侵權行為所造成的損害，其責任之分配是否宜為相同處理，甚至在被害人亦與有過失的情形下，該內部分擔的部分應如何計算亦容易產生疑問？故本文將就此一問題之介紹與解決之可能性，導入德國法上之規範、學說與實務之見解加以深入探討。首先就過失共同侵權行為（即併行侵權行為）之意義予以具體定義，其後再說明德國法上併行侵權行為與連帶債務之關聯性，特別在被害人與有過失時之處理，並就學說上處理方式演變加以介紹，另就德國實務上之見解提出檢討及建議。最後再就相關問題提出具體修正意見，以期對此問題提供我國實務上適用參考之選擇，以期尋出更公平公正的責任分配之結果，合先敘明。

關鍵字

併行侵權行為 ； 與有過失 ； 連帶債務 ； 個別評價 ； 整體評價 ； 責任比例

並列摘要

About multi-person didn't contact and didn't have intention subjectively, but each other had the causal relation mutually to the result of the accident because other's behavior interfered the processing of the accident occurred, and caused each perpetrator to take the liability of compensation of all damages. That is, occurrence of the negligence joint torts. In our country, there ware no definite provisions in civil law. However, the situation was common in practice, especially at traffic accidents. Our country courts always applied to the article185 about joint torts of the civil law traditionally, but it had a doubt that whether the elements of constitution in this case was the same, and was it the same processing dealt with the responsibility assignment of the damage caused by negligence or Intentionally joint torts? It's also a question how to calculate interior shares even in the situation that the victim with the negligence at the same accident occurred.Therefore, this article will induct in the German law and the German theory on this question to penetrate the discussion. First of all, give the concrete definition on the negligence joint torts (Namely parallel torts), then explain the correlation of the parallel torts and the joint debts in the German law and the way deal with the victim with the negligence at the same accident occurred, and introduce evolution of the processing of the method on the theory. Besides, bring up the opinion and the suggestion on the German practice. Finally, with a view on this issue given our practice of using reference, bring up the concrete revision comment on the related question, and altogether to find out more equitable and fair distribution of responsibility.So, above -mentioned is the foreword of the whole article.

並列關鍵字

Joint negligence ； contributory negligence ； the proportion of responsibility ； whole observation ； individual observation ； whole damage

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