偵查中證人之供述於其被訴案件之證據能力

Whether the Statement of a Witness Is Admissible Evidence While He Is Accused Afterwards

吳陳鐶(Chen-Huan Wu)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 8卷1期 (2009/06) Pp. 64-110

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.200906.0003

摘要

檢察官於偵查中，傳喚證人或通知「關係人」到場訊問，抑或司法警察官或司法警察，因調查犯罪嫌疑人犯罪情形及蒐集證據之必要，通知證人或「關係人」到場詢問，嗣將該證人或「關係人」改列為被告提起公訴，該證人或「關係人」於偵查中或警詢中所為之供述，就其被訴案件有無證據能力，學界及實務界均各有不同之主張。本文除彙整學界及實務界之各種見解外，並分析我國刑事訴訟法相關規定及立法理由，認「善意例外」及「權衡法則」，於供述證據仍應適用，故檢察官或司法警察（官），傳喚或通知證人或「關係人」到場訊（詢）問，嗣將之改列為被告提起公訴，該證人或「關係人」於偵查中或警詢中所為之供述，除有用強暴、脅迫、利誘、詐欺、疲勞訊問、違法羈押或其他不正之方法取得，或與事實不相符者，不得作為證據外，不論是否惡意違反法定程序，均仍應適用刑事訴訟法第一百五十八條之四之規定，審酌人權保障及公共利益之均衡維護，決定有無證據能力。

關鍵字

偵查中 ； 檢察官 ； 司法警察 ； 證人 ； 「關係人」 ； 供述 ； 被告 ； 證據能力 ； 權衡法則

並列摘要

A public prosecutor or a judicial police official summoned or notified a witness or a ”related person” to interrogate during the investigation stage. Afterwards, the witness or ”related person” was accused of committing a crime. The opinion of ROC scholars and the holding of ROC Courts that whether the statement made by the witness or the ”related person” is admissible evidence against him or her while he or she was accused afterwards is diverse respectively. This paper introduces the diverse opinion of ROC scholars and the different holding of ROC Courts in this regard first. Then, it analyzes the relating provisions of the ROC Code of Criminal Procedure and the reasons that the relating provisions were enacted or amended. It found that the ”Good Faith Exception Rule” and ”Balancing Test” stipulated in Article 158-4 of the ROC Code of Criminal Procedure shall apply in this respect. Therefore, statement made by the witness or the ”related person” is admissible evidence against him or her while he or she was accused afterwards except the statement was extracted by violence, threat, inducement, fraud, exhausting interrogation, unlawful detention or other improper means or inconsistent with facts.

並列關鍵字

Accused ； the Admissibility of Evidence ； Balancing Test ； During the Investigation Stage ； Judicial Police Official ； Public Prosecutor ； "Related Person" ； Statement ； Witness

參考文獻

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