論海洋汙染立法中船舶汙染之狀態責任與刑事責任

Discussing the Criminal Responsibility and the Responsibility that Arises from the Condition of the Property Relating to the Pollution from Ships in the Enactory Law of Pollution of the Sea

周成瑜(Chen-Yo Choh)

《臺灣海洋法學報》 10卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 32-47

https://doi.org/10.29881/TLSR.201106.0002

摘要

海洋污染防治法對船舶污染的行政責任一向採用狀態責任，將物的狀態作為設定行政定義的前提要件，不針對事實上的行為人，而以船舶所有人為處罰對象；至於刑事責任亦以法人（公私場所）為獨立責任基礎，同樣形成犯罪主體與行為主體不一致之情形。本文分析海洋污染防治法中之行政責任及刑事責任規範要件，並以船舶汙染案件的司法實務運用，說明現行法中缺漏之處及宜修正之若干建議。

關鍵字

法人 ； 狀態責任 ； 船舶污染 ； 海洋污染 ； 刑事責任

並列摘要

The administrative responsibility for pollution from ships in Marine Pollution Control Act adopts the responsibility that arises from the condition of the property, which premises the state of the object defined as the administrative elements, not for the fact of the perpetrator, but for ship owner to be the object of punishment. As for the corporate criminal liability (public or private) as an independent basis for liability, as the main form of crime is inconsistent with the behavior of the main case. This paper analyzes the Marine Pollution Control Act in the specification of administrative responsibility and criminal elements, and Pollution from Ships, the use of judicial practice, shows gaps in the existing law should be amended and a number of recommendations.

並列關鍵字

the responsibility that arises from the condition of the property ； pollution from ships ； pollution of the sea ； the criminal responsibility

參考文獻

吳東明、林耕範、黃夢南()。

洪家殷(2008)。行政罰之狀態責任及一行為不二罰原則─台北高等行政法院96年訴字第1288號判。台灣本土法學。104

李惠宗(2005)。行政罰法之理論與案例。台北:元照出版有限公司。

(2008)。決簡評。台灣本土法學雜誌。104

許玉秀()。