苦土石灰與微量元素對強酸性砂頁岩沖積土水稻生長與產量之影響

Effects of Dolomitic Limestone and Microelements on the Growth and Yield of Lowland Rice in a Strongly Acid Sand-Shale Alluvial Soil

謝慶芳(Ching-Fang Hsieh)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 33期 (1991/12) Pp. 37-47

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199112.0037

摘要

本試驗是在南投縣竹山鎮延和里一處容易發生稻熱病和硫化氫毒害之強酸性低產水田實行，該地區的稻穀一般產量約4,500～5,000 kg/ha。試驗結果發現施用苦土石灰約有下列效果：（1）使土壤中交換性鋁和可萃取性鐵含量極顯著降低而使水稻植物體的磷含量顯著提高，（2）顯著促進土壤中各種硫化物變成可溶性較低之硫酸鹽，而使水稻硫的吸收量極顯著減少，因此水稻植物體遭受硫化物毒害或根部遭受硫化氫毒害之機會也減少。（3）極顯著提高土壤中交換性鈣和水溶性矽酸含量，而使水稻鈣含量極顯著提高而矽酸含量顯著提高。單獨施用微量元素使水稻植物體鈣、矽酸和磷之含量都有增加傾向，但都未達到顯著水準，而微量元素與苦土石灰同時使用時其增加就達到顯著水準，水稻產量也以微量元素與苦土石灰同時使用者較好，特別是苦土石灰4公噸與錳鋅或錳鋅銅同時使用時水稻產量最高，每公頃產量約6,000 kg，較對照增產約17%或900 kg，主要原因是每欉穗數和每穗粒數的增加。

關鍵字

酸性土壤 ； 水稻 ； 石灰 ； 微量元素

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted in a strongly acid sand-shale alluvial soil at Yenho Village, Chusan Hsiang, Nantou Hsien where rice blast and hydrogen sulphide toxicity were often causing very serious growth failure of rice. The common yield of rice was about 4,500 - 5,000 kg/ha in this area.It was found in the experiment that soil treatment of dolomitic limestone had the following advantages for improving the above acid soil: (1) Very significantly lowered down the exchangeable aluminum and extractable iron in the soil and promoted the uptake of phosphorus by rice plants. (2) Significantly promoted the conversion of the different form of sulfur compound or element into less soluble sulphates and very significantly reduced the uptake of sulfur by rice plants, and thus decreased the chance of the toxicities of sulfur in rice plants or hydrogen sulphide on rice roots. (3) Very significantly increased the soil exchangeable calcium and water soluble silica, and thus very significantly promoted the uptake of calcium and significantly increased the uptake of silica by rice plants, and therefore rice plants were better in growth.The uptake of calcium, silica, and phosphorus by rice plants tended to be higher in the simple treatment of microelements, but it was not statistically significant. However, combined treatment of microelements and dolomitic limestone significantly increased the uptake of the above three elements, and the rice yields were also better, especially the highest yield, 6,000 kg/ha, was obtained in the treatments with 4 ton dolomitic limestone plus manganese and zinc or plus manganese, zinc and copper. This yield was 17% or 900 kg/ha higher than that of the check.

並列關鍵字

acid soil ； lowland rice ； limestone ； microelements