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橫山梨及鳥梨莖頂組織培養之研究
Studies on Shoot Tip Culture of Hengshan (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) and Niauli (P. kawakamii Hay.) Pears
摘要
本研究係利用組織培養之技術，以橫山梨（Pyrus serotina Rehd. cv. Hengshan）及鳥梨（Pyrus kawakamii Hay. cv. Niauli）之莖頂加以培養，調查影響其成活之因子及探討各培植時期最適當之培養基及培養方法，以建立大量迅速之繁殖技術。在橫山梨及鳥梨新梢伸長旺盛期，採取長約5 cm頂部，於解剖顯微鏡下切取長約0.2～0.3 mm含1～2個葉原體之莖頂，植入MS、1/2 MS、1/4 MS、1/8 MS等4種不同濃度之固態及濾紙液態培養基中，經30日培養後，結果以1/2 MS濾紙培養基效果最佳。增殖培養基則以MS為基本培養基添加2 mg/l BA、0.2 mg/l IBA、0.5 mg/l kinetin、4 mg/l adenine sulfate、30 g/l sucrose及8 g/l agar最佳。每30日可繼代培養一次，橫山梨及鳥梨每芽體可分別獲得5.8支及9.7支長約5 mm左右可供再增殖用之枝梢。再經30日之培養，橫山梨每芽體可得4.3支，鳥梨可得7.8支長約30 mm可供為誘導發根之枝梢。橫山梨枝梢扦插於1/2 MS添加162 mg/l phloro- glucinol(PG)及0.1 mg/l IBA或1 mg/l IBA之培養基，經暗處理6日後，再移入不含auxin之1/2 MS培養基，約30日後可獲得60%已發根之小苗。鳥梨扦插於1/2 MS添加162 mg/l PG及1 mg/l IBA或PG及0.1 mg/l NAA或PG及1 mg/l NAA培養基中，經6日之暗處理後，移入不含auxin之1/2 MS培養基中，再經30日培養後可獲得約70%以上之已發根小苗。
並列摘要
The effects of culture media and methods on the mass propagation and survival rate of shoot tips of Pyrus serotina Rehd. cv. Hengshan and Pyrus kawakamii Hay. cv. Niauli in vitro were studied.Young shoot tips about 5 cm in length were harvested from actively field-grown plants in March. The shoot tips were dissected and apical portions (0.2-0.3 mm) were removed under stereo microscope, of which containing 1-2 leaf primodia. These explants were cultured on the paper bridge media containing half-strength Murashige and Skoog salt (1/2 MS), 0.2 mg/l IBA, 1 mg/l BA, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, 4 mg/l adenine sulfate and 30 g/l sucrose, for 30 days. They were transferred to solid media (same component as above mentioned media) for another 45 days. The explant was then transplanted to MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA, 2 mg/l BA, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, 4 mg/l adenine sulfate, 30 g/l sucrose and 8 g/l agar for shoot multiplication. Each subculture can harvested 5 mm in length of 5.8 and 9.7 multipliable shoots for Hengshan and Niauli within 30 days, respectively. If subcultured for 60 days, it can harvested 4.3 and 7.8 shoots of 30 mm in length for Hengshan and Niauli, respectively, and was ready for root induction. The shoots of Hengshan pear were placed on 1/2 MS medium containing phloroglucinol (PG) plus 0.1 mg/l IBA or 1 mg/l IBA and kept in the dark for 6 days, then transplanted to auxin-free 1/2 MS medium, 60% of rooted plantlets were obtained after 30 days. The shoots of Niauli were cultued on 1/2 MS medium with 162 mg/l PG plus 1 mg/l IBA, or 0.1 mg/l NAA or 1 mg/l NAA and kept in the dark for 6 days, then transferred to auxin-free 1/2 MS medium, 70-100% of rooted plantlets were obtained after 30 days.