吸水預措時機對菊花切花品質之影響I.切花吸水量與蒸散作用

Relationship between Timing of Rehydration and Quality of Cut Chrysanthemum I. Water Absorption and Transpiration

許謙信(Chian-Shinn Sheu) ； 吳明哲(Min-Tze Wu)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 37期 (1992/12) Pp. 11-19

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199212.0011

摘要

目前菊花農民剪花後常以稻草包覆擱置於陰涼處，待剪花告一段落，集中載回家中，再行除葉、分級、捆把後，才行吸水。此一操作方式易造成品質損失。本試驗針對菊花切花剪取後，陰置失水至吸水預措間之時間間隔對品質之影響作一探討。菊花黃秀芳品種切花自田間採收，經秤重後隨即插入水中，或將之置於陰涼處2、4及6小時後才插入水中，吸水時間皆為4小時，調查其失重及吸水後增重與蒸散量等。陰置2、4、及6小時後之菊花切花，失水量分別為1.75、2.10及3.36%。插水後第一小時之切花增重，依直接插水，陰置2、4及6小時處理各組之順序分別為0.42、3.14、1.95、及2.20%。插水後4小時，切花增重依序為3.24、4.94、3.72及4.37%。直接插水之蒸散率在前二小時平均為2.12%，陰置2、4及6小時各組依序為0.74、0.66及0.65%。直接插水之蒸散作用較陰置處理各組高，此種現象持續至日後19天之瓶插壽命觀察試驗。各處理吸水4小時後，模擬裝箱包裝及運銷過程，然後觀察其瓶插壽命，試驗各組依上述次序，插水後19日之葉片黃化數依序為0、14.1、10.2、及6.3，各組間有顯著差異。花朵直徑則依序為9.07、9.44、9.66及9.03。切花瓶插壽命依序為大於19、10.9、12.2及16.7日。菊花採收後至吸水預措間之陰置時間長短對品質有顯著之影響，插水時機影響切花增重、蒸散量及品質，尤以葉片黃化之現象差異甚大。採收後直接插水者有最佳之切花品質及壽命。

關鍵字

菊花 ； 採收後處理 ； 吸水預措 ； 蒸散作用 ； 瓶插壽命

並列摘要

Postharvest of cut chrysanthemum in Taiwan was a concernment for export or local flower markets. In general, cut flowers harvested from field was put in a shading condition several hours before rehydration. Results of this experiment discussed the effect of timing of rehydration on qualities of chrysanthemum cut flowers.After chrysanthemums (cv. Yellow Shiou-Farn) cut from field, flowers was treated to rehydrate in 10 min, or put in a shading condition 2, 4 or 6 hr. before rehydrated. Flowers of all four treatments were rehydrated in dist. water 4 hr. Increasing weight and transpiration of cut flowers were investigated. Water loss of cut chrysanthemums were 1.75, 2.10 and 3.36% after 2, 4 and 6 hr. shading, respectively. Increasing weight of rehydrated flowers in 10 min, and 2, 4, 6 hr. shading treatments were 0.42, 3.14, 1.95 and 2.20% in first hour. After 4 hr. water absorbing, weight of flowers were increased 3.24, 4.94, 3.72 and 4.37%. Transpiration of 2 hr. during begining of rehydration were 4.49, 1.47, 1.32 and 1.31% of 4 treatments, respectively. Transpiration of flowers which were rehydrated in 10 min. was higher than the other three treatments. This phenomenon was also observed till 19th day continuously.After 4 hr. rehydrated, flowers of each treatment were packaged, boxed and laid overnight as usual marketing process. Vase life of first treatment were over 19 days. Vase life was 10.9, 12.2 and 16.7 days of 2, 4 and 6 hr. shading treatments. Number of chlorotic leaves were 0, 14.1, 10.2 and 6.3, and flower's dia. were 9.07, 9.44, 9.69 and 9.03 cm on 19th day, respectively.Qualities of cut chrysanthemums were affected by timing of rehydration, especially the chlorosis of leaves. Transpiration rate were a factor related this phenomenon. It was best qualities that flowers rehydrated immediately after cut from field.

並列關鍵字

chrysanthemum ； postharvest ； rehydration ； water uptake ； transpiration ； vase life