中部多作蔬菜栽培區土壤重金屬含量調查

The Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soils as Affected by Chemical Fertilizer Application

王錦堂(Chin-Tang Wang) ； 陳鴻堂(Hong-Tang Chen) ； 賴惠珍(Fuei-Jen Lay)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 42期 (1994/03) Pp. 11-20

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199403.0011

摘要

為探討本省中部多作蔬菜栽培地區之施肥與重金屬含量之關係，1990年度於彰化縣鹿港、溪湖、社頭、台中縣后里、石岡及台中市南屯等地各選擇5處，並以大城一般地區5處作為對照，共計35處，分別調查比較葉菜、花菜、豆類、瓜類、馬鈴薯等蔬菜之生育狀況及產量，以探討施肥和土壤之理化性及重金屬含量之相關。調查結果顯示：在種植前採樣中蔬菜園土壤重金屬含量屬高量者有鎘7處、銅1處及鎳1處等。至收穫時含量由中量提高者有鉛1處及鋅11處，且鋅含量有表土11處、底土8處提高為高含量級，另鉻含量種植前屬低量級者有24處，但至收穫時35處全部均提高成為中含量級，顯示蔬菜園土壤之重金屬含量確在增加。分析施肥量對收穫時土壤及生育期葉片重金屬含量關係顯示：氮肥施用量增加對蔬菜產量及收穫時之土壤鎘含量呈極顯著正相關，對生育期葉片鎘含量亦呈極顯著正相關。磷肥施用量增加對生育期葉片鎘含量呈顯著正相關。鉀肥施用量增加對收穫時之土壤鎘含量及生育期葉片鎘含量亦分別呈極顯著及顯著正相關。肥料施用量增加造成對土壤重金屬含量的提高，可能與肥料施用直接或間接促進土壤重金屬的溶解度有關，施用的肥料及農藥資材本身亦可能受含有重金屬有直接的影響。此外，長期由於灌溉水、有機質肥料等資材也可能是重金屬污染的來源，值得進一步探討。

關鍵字

多作栽培 ； 施肥 ； 重金屬

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to survey the heavy metal contents of soils as affected by continuous application of chemical fertilizers. The data were collected from 35 plots of vegetable garden of central Taiwan in 1990. The results showed that the contents of soil heavy metals such as Cd and Ni were higher before planting than after harvest. The contents of Pb and Zn increased in soils when vegetables were harvested, and that of Cr in soils increased from low level to medium. The results from the analysis of vegetable leaf in maturity stage showed that amounts of fertilizers applied to soils was correlated with the contents of heavy metal in plant tissues. For instance, the over use of nitrogen fertilizer leads to an increase in the contents of Cd in leaf. In addition, increasing application of phosphate and potassium fertilizer enhances Cd content in plant leaf. As a matter of fact, the trend of increasing heavy metal contents in the soils of vegetable gardens has been found lately. Based on the results of this survey, it was suggested that farmers have to concern the contents of heavy metals in the edible part of vegetables which may be harmful for human health. The contents of heavy metals in fertilizers also need to be further certified.

並列關鍵字

multiple cropping ； fertilization ； heavy metals