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不同棚架對葡萄生長及作業勞力之影響
The Effects of Trellis-training Systems on the Growth and Cultural Labor of Grape
摘要
本試驗以“巨峰”種葡萄為材料，於1989年4月定植於台中區農業改良場果樹園內，並搭設高垣籬雙幹式、低垣籬雙幹式、垣籬單幹式、豆籬式及水平棚架等5種棚架。1991年以後植株進入正常狀態，開始調查各種棚架間之植株生育與生產，同時測定各種棚架之田間作業勞力。綜合3年調查結果顯示，結果母枝數以夏果低於冬果，萌芽數則以夏果高於冬果。以垣籬單幹式之結果母枝數最少，其萌芽數及花穗數相對降低，但是枝梢生長勢稍強，結果枝之開花期停心率最低。夏果之花穗數以豆籬式、高垣籬雙幹式及水平式棚架為最多，冬果之花穗數以高垣籬雙幹式最多。花穗長度以直立生長之垣籬幹單式之夏果花穗最長，因其較具徒長性，著果率較低，且枝條再生長率最高，木質化程度最低。本試驗期間各年度之氣侯條件不同，結果枝生長量差異很大，1992年6月以前之乾旱氣侯使夏果生育量低於往年，且數次颱風後果園積水使冬果之新梢生育量不足，影響果實生長。夏果之果穗以高垣籬雙幹式為最大，低垣籬雙幹式與垣籬單幹式之果穗較小；垣籬單幹式之冬果因落果率高，果穗最小。夏果之糖度及酸度無顯著差異。冬果以產量少之垣籬單幹式之糖度17.8°Brix略高外，其他各種棚架之糖度、酸度異差不顯著。初步估算田間作業時數，以豆籬式及低垣籬雙幹式高於水平棚架17.4%及18.5%，高垣籬式減少2.3%，垣籬單幹式減少25.6%；但垣籬單幹式之產量低於水平棚架，使工作時數相對減少。
並列摘要
This experiment was conducted to clarify the influence of some trellis-training systems on the growth and production labor of grapes. The trellis systems were: (1) 2-stories Duplex V-shaped two-armed umbrella system, (2) 2-stories Duplex two-armed fence system, (3) 6-wire vertical single-armed fence system, (4) 3-harvest V-shaped treellis and (5) horizontal trellis. The results indicated that the amount of fruiting cane of summer crop was lower than that of winter crop, whereas the budburst of summer crop was higher than winter crop. The vertical single-armed fence system had the least number of fruiting cane, and consequently, the number of budburst as well as flower cluster were lowered down. Meanwhile, all shoots in this trellis system grew vigorously resulted in the lowest rate of cease of shoot-tip growth during blooming period. The number of flower cluster in summer crop appear to be higher in (4) 3-harvest V-shaped, (1) Duplex umbrella and (5) horizontal trellis systems. The Duplex umbrella trellis also had highest amount of flower cluster in winter crop. The longest flower cluster were found on the vigourous shoots of summer crop on vertical single-armed fence. However, the fruitset was poor, the rate of shoot re-growth was high and the lignified shoot was short. The climate during the experimental period was unstable, some natural disasters such as drought and typhoon were harmful to the growth of shoot and fruit in winter crop. The largest fruit cluster were found in summer crop of Duplex umbrella system. On the contrary, the smallest was found in winter crop of vertical single-armed fence system. The sugar contents and acidity of summer fruits were not significantly different among all system. In winter crop, the sugar contents of fruits was the highest on vertical single-armed fence system. An estimation of labor demand indicated that the working hour in 3-harvest V-shaped and Duplex fence trellis were 17.4% and 18.5% higher than that of horizontal trellis system. Duplex umbrella system and vertical single-armed fence system saved 2.3% and 25.6% of labor, respectively, because of their low productivity.