營養生長期提早斷水對水稻生育之影響

Effects of Timing of Intermittent Soil Drying at Vegetative Growth Phase on the Growth and Yield of Rice

李健捀(Jiann-Feng Lee) ； 宋勳(Shung Song) ； 陳世雄(Shih-Shiung Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 50期 (1996/03) Pp. 1-9

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199603.0001

摘要

本試驗目的在探討水稻營養生長期間，提早斷水晒田對水稻生育及稻米品質之影響，期能藉提早晒田抑制過盛之無效分蘗，減少稻株相互間之遮蔭，使水稻在生育後期能充分進行光合產物之合成及分配，以提高稻穀容重量，進而提昇稻米品質。1993年二期作及1994年一期作在台中區農業改良場試驗田進行田間試驗，採裂區設計，以品種為副區，比較稉稻臺農67號、臺中189號及秈稻臺中秈10號對提早斷水之反應。以不同斷水時間為主區，比較其對水稻生育之影響。試驗結果顯示二期作提早斷水晒田之處理，其全生育日數縮短，株高降低，分蘗數亦顯著減少，但是千粒重及稻穀容重量顯著增加，千粒重增加主因為糙米寬度增加所致，稻穀產量在斷水晒田處理之間則無顯著差異。一期作除了插秧後30天開始斷水之處理，分蘗數顯著降低外，其他水稻農藝性狀在斷水晒田處理之間則無顯著差異。品種之間以臺中秈10號對提早斷水之反應較穩定，台中189號反應較敏感。綜合試驗結果，二期作若將晒田時間提早至插秧後29天，可以顯著提昇台中189號稻穀之容重量及千粒重，獲得最高稻穀產量；一期作提早晒田則無顯著提昇稻穀之容重量及千粒重之效果，但估計提早在40天晒田，可以使台中秈10號及台農67號得到最高產量。台中秈10號提早晒田可以提昇米質及產量，較台中189號適宜提早斷水處理。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 斷水 ； 產量 ； 稻穀品質

並列摘要

Field experiments were conducted in the fall of 1993 and spring of 1994 at Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station to investigate the effects of early intermittent soil drying on the growth and yield characteristics of three rice cultivars, i.e., Japonica rice Tainung 67 and Taichung 189, and Indica rice Taichung sen 10. Treatments of soil drying to 0.06 Mpa moisture tension were practiced from 20, 25, or 35 days to 45 days after transplanting in the fall crop, and from 30, 40, or 45 days to 55 days after transplanting in the spring crop. Experimental results revealed that early intermittent soil drying in the spring crop tended to decrease tillering capacity as well as grain yield. Cultivar Taichung 189 was more sensitive to early soil drying than that of Taichung sen 10. In the fall crop, early intermittent soil drying showed the effect of increasing 1,000-grain weight while decreasing panicle number per hill. The quality was enhanced as the volume weight of rough rice was increased. Results of polynomial regression analyses indicated that imposing intermittent soil drying, at 29 days after transplanting in the second crop for cultivar Taichung 189, increased 1,000-grain weight which was essential to improved grain quality and yield. Initiating soil drying at 40 days after transplanting in the first crop was suggested effective to increase grain yield of Taichung sen 10 and Tainung 67. Taichung sen 10 showed a better response to early soil drying than Taichung 189 in terms of yield and quality performance.

並列關鍵字

rice (Oryza sativa L.) ； intermittent soil drying ； grain yield ； grain quality