台中秈10號氮肥施用量對白葉枯病與罹病植株米質之影響

The Effect of Nitrogen Application on Bacterial Leaf Blight and Grain Quality of Taichung Sen 10

林再發(Tsay-Fa Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 65期 (1999/12) Pp. 13-22

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.199912.0013

摘要

秈型水稻品種易發生白葉枯病，台中秈10號是台灣秈稻品種改良之代表品種，米質優良但不抗白葉枯病。本試驗目的在探討氮肥施用量對台中秈10號白葉枯病與罹病植株米質之影響。試驗以施用氮素80、120、160與200 kg/ha等四種處理，於分蘗盛期及孕穗期採樣，分析葉片氮素含量。結果顯示，在第一期作與第二期作，水稻分蘗盛期葉片氮素含量，隨氮素施用量增加而稍有增加，但差異不顯著。在孕穗期，水稻葉片氮素含量隨氮素施用量增加而有增加之趨勢，處理間有顯著差異。此外，若於分蘗盛期同時接種白葉枯病菌株XM42，於接菌後20天調查病斑長度，處理間差異未達顯著水準。但若於孕穗期同時接菌，接菌後20天病斑長度會有顯著差異，顯示孕穗期增施氮肥會促進病斑增長之趨勢。水稻在孕穗期進行不同程度接種或自然為害情況下，產生嚴重白葉枯病，其一穗粒數、稔實率及千粒重將明顯受影響而造成產量降低，其中白葉枯病蔓延葉片75%以上者，粗蛋白質含量提高，因此食味比較差。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 氮肥量 ； 白葉枯病 ； 產量 ； 米質

並列摘要

Indica variety is susceptible to bacterial leaf blight. Taichung Sen 10 is a standard indica type variety in Taiwan and was used as a testing variety in this study. It has good rice quality but susceptible to bacterial leaf blight. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen application to bacterial leaf blight and grain quality of Taichung Sen 10. The nitrogen contents of leaves at tillering stage and booting stage were analyzed seperately. Results showed that during tillering stage both on 1st and 2nd crops with increased rates of nitrogen fertilizer at the range of 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg/ha, there was also an increase in the nitrogen content of leaves, but the difference among treatments was not significant. At the booting stage there was a significant difference. It was also noted that there was no significant difference on the leaf lesion development at tillering stage after 20 days of clip-inoculation with Xanthomanas oryzae pv. oryzae XM42 among different rates of nitrogen. On the other hand, significant difference was found at the booting stage. The disease-infected leaf tended to elongate under the higher rate of nitrogen fertilizer application. Bacterial leaf blight caused significant decrease in the number of spikelet per panicle, percentage of filled grain and 1000-grains weight and resulted in declining the grain yield. It was observed that crude protein increased when the leaves were infested over 75% at booting stage. The eating quality of rice of the infested plant became slightly poorer.

並列關鍵字

rice ； nitrogen ； bacterial blight ； rice quality