彩色海芋細菌性軟腐病防治方法之研究

Study on the Control of Calla Lily Bacterial Soft Rot Disease

陳俊位(Chein-Wei Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 69期 (2000/12) Pp. 33-50

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200012.0033

摘要

彩色海芋細菌性軟腐病主要由Erwinia corotovora subsp. carotovora）所引起，為目前本省海芋栽培上的限制因子，為此本試驗擬從相關栽培處理上探討其有效的防治方法。田間觀察26個彩色海芋品種對本病之抗感性關係，高感病者有Florex Gold、Pot of Gold、Majestic Red、Pink Persuasion、Cameo、Treasure、Rose Queen、Black Magic、Chianti及Neroli等10個品種，中感病者有Chrystal Glow、Soft Glow、Hazel Marie、Lovender Petite、Butter Scotch、Innocence、Golden Sun、Black Eyed Beauty、Star Light、Sensation、VanityFair及Melody等12個品種，感病者有Inspiration及Pacific Pink，抗病者有Dominque，高抗病者為Pink Opal，品種間之抗感性與顏色無相關性，但仍以花色色系為紅色及深色系列者較抗病。利用植栽袋或盆缽充填人工介質種植彩色海芋與土播者比較，除可減少發病率外，並可增加塊莖採收後之重量與品質。篩選適合的防治藥劑，在供試的9種殺菌劑及12種生物農藥中以鏈四環黴素、銅鋅錳乃浦及鏈黴素殺菌效果最好，其它則效果不顯著。以測試出的混合藥劑C-mix 1（鏈黴素500X+鏈四環黴素500X+銅快得寧500X）與鏈四環黴素500X、銅鋅錳乃浦500X及鏈黴素200X分別處理塊莖，發現混合藥劑對塊莖之發芽率有促進效果，且優於其它三種藥劑。以混合藥劑C-mix 2（鏈黴素700X+鏈四環黴素500X+銅快得寧700X+鈣鎂精500X及次氯酸鈉1,000X）於田間防治試驗，發現其除可抑制罹病株繼續發病外，並可使塊莖傷口癒合，使其剩餘之芽點繼續生長發育。由結果顯示，利用植栽袋栽培配合混合藥劑處理種球及田間施用，可有效抑制彩色海芋軟腐病之發生。

關鍵字

彩色海芋 ； 軟腐病 ； 防治方法

並列摘要

Bacterial soft rot can cause serious loss of calla lily (Zantedeschia) plants in the field and of tubers or rhizomes in storage. It's a major restricted factor in the field cultured of Taiwan. This research would like to found the benefit control method from the cultured method and tuber treatment. Observation the resistance ability of 26 cultivars calla lily resistance to the soft rot bacterial (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). The highly susceptible cultivar to soft-rot bacteria were Florex Gold, Pot of Gold, Majestic Red, Pink Persuasion, Cameo, Treasure, Rose Queen, Black Magic, Chianti and Neroli. Moderate susceptible cultivar were Chrystal Glow, Soft Glow, Hazel Marie, Lovender Petite, Butter Scotch, Innocence, Golden Sun, Black Eyed Beauty, Star Light, Sensation, Vanity Fair and Melody. Less susceptible cultivar were Inspiration and Pacific Pink. Resistance cultivar was Dominque. Highly resistance cultivar was Pink Opal. There was no absolute relationship between spath's color of calla lily and resistance ability to soft-rotting bacteria. But, the cultivars which spath color was red or dark color serious had more resistance ability to this pathogen. Used cultured bag or pot contained with artificial media planted calla lily tubers compared to planted in soil. The tubers which planted in the culture bag or pot had lower disease incidence than planted in soil, and had increase the weight and quality of tubers when harvested. Selected the more effectively chemical bactericide to control soft-rotting bacteria. From eight chemical bactericide and twelve bioagent bactericide, which had the more effective ability inhibited soft-rotting bacteria were 10% streptomycin + tetracycline, 63% copper oxychloride + mancozed and 12.5% streptomycin. Used C-mix1 (mixed with 12.5% streptomycin 500X, 10% streptomycin + tetracycline 500X, 40%oxine-copper + copper hydroxide 500X) treated tubers then compared the tubers treated with streptomycin 200X, copper oxychloride + mancozed 500X and streptomycin + tetracycline 500X. The C-mixl could promoted the germination rate of tubers then other treatments. Sprayed C-mix2 (mixed with streptomycin 700X, streptomycin + tetracycline 500X, oxine-copper + copper hydroxide 700X, casicum and magnesium solution 500X and chlorox 1,000X) on black magic, super red and best gold to controlled soft-rotting bacteria in the field. After sprayed the C-mix2, it could inhibited the infected plant consisted rotting and promoted the other residual bud continue germinated and grew. From our result, use C-mix 2 and cultured bag could inhibited the sot-rotting bacteria damaged calla lily in the field.

並列關鍵字

calla lily ； Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora ； bacterial soft rot disease ； control method