臺灣鮮食葡萄之產銷研究

Study on the Production and Marketing of Table Grape in Taiwan

林月金(Ye-Jin Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 73期 (2001/12) Pp. 15-30

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200112.0015

摘要

目前台灣鮮食葡萄面積約2,300餘公頃，其中巨峰葡萄面積2,284公頃，多採一年兩收，夏果產期在6－8月，冬果產期在11－翌年2月。南投縣部分葡萄農於9－10月採收秋果。另有萄農利用設施於3－5月生產早春葡萄。因之，目前在台灣週年均可生產葡萄。由於台灣鮮食葡萄產期調節成功，加以技術進步品質提昇結果，使栽培面積在民國83年後均能維持在2,100－2,300公頃，而售價亦能維持上漲趨勢。雖然未來我國加入WTO之後，葡萄將採全面一次開放進口，惟新進口國家如智利與澳洲之品種與美國相近，國產葡萄與之相較，具新鮮、水份多、符合國人口味與消費習性等競爭優勢。而日本葡萄之品種雖與國產相似，但因成本高，不具競爭優勢。所以，未來台灣鮮食葡萄仍具發展空間，但是蜜紅葡萄因品種特性，在台灣栽培技術門檻較高，而義大利葡萄因受限氣候條件，僅台中縣東勢鎮及石岡鄉適宜栽培，同時亦因品種特性裂果及病蟲害不易控制，且頗費人工，難以大面積栽培，未來宜加強新品種研發，採少量多樣化取代部分巨峰葡萄。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 生產成本 ； 收益 ； 產銷

並列摘要

At present, the planted area for table grape in Taiwan is about 2,300 ha. Of such area, Kyoho grape area counts for 2,284 ha. For most of these planting areas, there are two harvesting seasons. For summer table grape, the harvesting season is from June to August and for winter table grape, the harvesting season is from November to February of the following year. Some farmers in Nantou County harvest table grape in autumn, i.e., in September and October, and some farmers harvest table grape with facilities in the early spring, i.e., March to May. Therefore, table grape can be produced through the whole year.Due to the fact that harvesting season for the table grape could be successfully regulated while the quality of product could be technically improved, since 1994, the planted area has been maintained between 2,100~2,300 ha and the price of product has been increased. In the near future, Taiwan will join to WTO and thus, table grape will open for importation. However, the varieties of newly imported table grape, i.e., those from Chili and Australia, are similar to those from USA ahd, unable to compete with Taiwan's table grape in terms of freshness, water holding capacity and consumers' taste. For Japan table grape, although its variety is similar to those of Taiwan's table grape, the high production cost made it less competitive with Taiwan's product.Thus, there are tooms for Honey-red grape to develop in table grape market in Taiwan, however, the requirement for cultivation technique is high as a consequence its variety characteristic. As for the Italian grape, only the areas of Tungshin and Shihkang in Taichung County are suitable for planting due to its special climate requirement. In addition, due to its fruit cracking property, the difficulty to control the pathogens, and high labor cost, it is difficult to enlarge the planted area. In the future, it is necessary to enhance the research and development of new variety for table grape. Less quantity but multiple varieties for table grape production should be considered for the replacement of part of the Kyoho variety.

並列關鍵字

grape ； production cost ； revenue ； production and marketing