彩色海芋花色素組成分之分析

Analysis of Flower Color and Pigment on Calla Lily (Zantedeschia Hybrids)

黃勝忠(Sheng-Chung Huang) ； 陳裕星(Yuh-Sin Chen) ； 秦立德(Li-Te Chin)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 78期 (2003/03) Pp. 23-34

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200303.0023

摘要

彩色海芋的花色常是切花品質與價格的重要指標，目前商業品種多為雜交品種，花顏色艷麗豐富，從暗紅、紅、淡紅、紫、橙、黃、淡黃至白色等。由於目前彩色海芋缺乏花色素組成分之資料，因此我們採取彩色海芋的花顏色具有代表性的幾個品種，分析研究其花色素組成分，結果得知，花青素（anthocyanin）是紅色系花色素的主要組成分，胡蘿蔔素（carotenoid）是黃色系花色素的主要組成分，而橙黃色系品種則由花青素與胡蘿蔔素共同組成，不同花色素分布在花火焰苞細胞不同表皮層中，如花青素一般分佈在火焰苞的表皮層與次表皮層，其四周均勻覆蓋胡蘿蔔素，胡蘿蔔素一般均勻分佈在表皮層與火焰苞肉細胞內。分析花青素主要為青色素3－配糖體（cyanidin 3-glucoside），而胡蘿蔔素主要為黃體素（lutein）與β－胡蘿蔔素（β-carotene），另外分析類黃酮素（flavonoids）主要為7甲基化C－配糖體木犀黃色精（7-methylated luteolin C-glycosides）。彩色海芋花顏色的變異由色素群中不同色素成分的組合，再因色素濃度不同而產生風情萬種五彩繽紛的色彩，而不是只由某一單一不同之色素構成顏色變化。

關鍵字

彩色海芋 ； 花顏色 ； 色素 ； 類黃酮素 ； 花青素 ； 胡蘿蔔素

並列摘要

Flower color is a key element of ornamental plants available in the market-place. The color quality of calla lily (Zantedeshia (Spreng.)) is absolutely crucial to the calla industry. Calla species and hybrids feature a range of cultivars with spathe (flower) color from maroon/dark red through pink, to orange, yellow, cream and white. In the absence of information on the pigments that make up these colours in Zantedeschia, we analysed the flavonoid and carotenoid profiles in several commercial winter flowering cultivars that were representative of the colour range. Anthocyanins were the main pigment associated with red and pink cultivars, while carotenoids were the main pigment in the yellow cultivars. The orange cultivars were a mix of anthocyanins and carotenoids, although in different cell layers. The anthocyanin pigments were present in the epidermis and the sub-epidermis, overlaying the carotenoids. The latter were distributed more evenly throughout the sub-epidermis and mesophyll. The main pigments observed were the anthocyanin cyanidin 3-glucoside and the carotenoids lutein and β-carotene. Other flavonoids, predominantly 7-methylated luteolin C-glycosides, were also detected in the spathe tissue. Variation in spathe color appears primarily due to changes in the pigment group produced and pigment concentration rather than the production of different individual pigments.

並列關鍵字

calla lily ； flower color ； pigments ； flavonoid ； anthocyanin ； carotenoid