齒舌蘭輪斑病毒及蕙蘭嵌紋病毒感染蝴蝶蘭之病徵學及細胞病理學探討

Symptomotological and Cytopathological Studies of Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus and Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Infections on Phalaenopsis Orchids in Taiwan

陳慶忠(Ching-Chung Chen) ； 陳煜焜(Yuh-Kun Chen) ； 柯文華(Wen-Fwa Ko) ； 葉士財(Shih-Tsai Yeh)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 93期 (2006/12) Pp. 15-27

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.200612.0015

摘要

蕙蘭嵌紋病毒（Cymbidium mosaic virus, CymMV）及齒舌蘭輪斑病毒（Odontoglossum ringspot virus, ORSV）為臺灣地區感染蝴蝶蘭最普遍的二種病毒。CymMV感染蝴蝶蘭後引發多種類型的病徵，主要有黃化斑、黃化嵌紋斑、葉脈黃化、壞疽凹陷條斑或輪斑及全葉性黃化等徵狀。ORSV的病徵種類則相對單純，主要引起系統性黃化病徵。CymMV病毒顆粒呈略彎曲長絲狀，其長度介於447～558 nm，平均為484 nm，直徑為15 nm；ORSV病毒顆粒呈直桿狀，其長度介於254～346 nm，平均為299 nm，直徑為18 nm。多數ORSV顆粒可觀察到一條明顯的橫溝（central canal）構造，CymMV則無此特徵。罹病組織超薄切片電子顯微鏡觀察顯示，CymMV在病組織內聚集排列呈紡錘狀、層狀結晶排列、或不規則散佈於細胞質內；ORSV則聚集成規則的結晶狀、排列呈層狀、或呈不規則分佈於細胞質中。此等病徵特性及電顯觀察結果，或可應用於辨識蝴蝶蘭病毒之參考。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭 ； 蕙蘭嵌紋病毒 ； 齒舌蘭輪斑病毒 ； 病徵 ； 電子顯微鏡

並列摘要

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) are two most common and economically important Phalaenopsis viruses in Taiwan. This article describes the morphology, symptomotology and related cytopathology of CymMV and ORSV. Various types of symptoms, i.e. yellow spots, chlorotic mosaic, vein chlorosis and ringspots with sunken necrotic lines, have been observed on leaves of CymMV-infected Phalaenopsis, while only symptoms of systemic chlorosis appeared on the leaves of ORSV-infected orchid plants. CymMV has a particle morphology of flexuous-rod with a size of 484 nm in length and 15 nm in width, while that of ORSV is rigid-rod with a size of 300 nm in length and 18 nm in width. Ultra-thin sections of leaf tissue of CymMV-infected plants revealed different types of particle aggregations, including spindle-shaped, stacked, plate-like, and irregular distributed, in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Except the typical hexagonal arrangement of Tobamovirus in infected cells, types of particle aggregations observed in ORSV-infected cells were similar to that of CymMV. The symptomatological and cytopathological characteristics of CymMV and ORSV described here may provide a reference for differentiating virus infections of Phalaenopsis in the field.

並列關鍵字

phalaenopsis orchid ； CymMV ； ORSV ； symptom ； electronmicroscope